Kako razložiti modalnost?

There are two sources of our modal intuitions which have to be explained - physical (natural) modality and metaphysical modality. The problem of explanation is presented as a dispute between modal realism and modal anti-realism. Traditional explanations of modalities are classified according to the strenght of their anti-realism. They are unsuccessful because they are not able to show how to extract modal properties out of something which is ultimately non-modal. Even the thesis of supervenience - modal properties supervene on non-modal, is explanatory inadequate. Supervenient (modal) properties must necessary covary with their subvenient (non- modal) properties. The modal force of this necessity is irreducible. I argue for modal realism, although I recognize episte-mological difficulties of this position.Predmet razlage modalnosti sta naravna (fizikalna) in metafizično modalnost. Problem pojasnila modalnih pojmov je predstavljen kot spor med modalnim realizmom in modalnim antirealizmom. V okviru tega spora je mogoče razvrstiti tradicionalna antirealistič-na pojasnila modalnosti. Problem teh razlag je v tem, da jim ne uspe modalnih razlikovanj nadomestiti z ne-modalnimi. Najbolj privlačna antirealistična strategija je liberalni redukcionizem, ki skuša s pomočjo relacije supervenience ohraniti realnost modalnih razlikovanj in jih obenem zvesti na neko ne-modalno osnovo. Toda relacija supervenience sama ima modalno moč, ki se je ne da reducirati. Zato zagovarjam modalni realizem -realnost ima modalno strukturo. Vendar pa opozorim tudi na težave realizma, predvsem na problem — kako smo lahko kadarkoli upravičeni v modalnem vedenju