98 research outputs found

    Moneta e scambi nell\u2019Adriatico altomedievale. La costa dalmata nell\u2019area monetaria bizantina

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    Numismatic data, evidence to the long-term use of the Byzantine monetary system from the 6th to 12th Centuries in Dalmatia. During the 6th Century, Salona emissions efficiently contributed to maintaining the request for smaller currency units notably in the Northern and Central Adriatic. In the 7th to 8th centuries, following the fall of Salona, and due to the pressure of Transdanubian peoples, the presence of currency was mostly ensured by emissions from Constantinople along with those from Sicily, especially after Ravenna\u2019s mint was closed. However, this became gradually less conspicuous and concentrated primarily in the ports and their immediate surrounds with significant evidence in at least twenty sites in the areas of Split, \u160ibenik, Knin and Zadar of Syracuse currency from Constantine V. Nearly all records originate from graves, a fact that seems to indicate that in the course of the \u2018grande br\ue8che\u2019 special attention was paid to gold coins in their functions of measurement, stock value and, perhaps, as a sign of class distinction. Between the end of the 8th and the middle of the 9th Century the reappearance of silver coin such as the Miliarense, Abbasid Dirhams and Carolingian Dinars and of copper mint as were Theophilus and Basil I Folles saw the end of a long period of economic depression. In fact, subsequent Folles of the 10th Century, in the period from Leo VI to Constantine VII, and anonymous Folles of the 11th Century, particularly those of type A2, were widespread not only in Dalmatia (\u160ibenik, Split, Dubrovnik) but also along the length of the Adriatic coastline. They are evidenced from the Venetian lagoon to the Theme of Longobardia, as in the treasures of Canne, Colletorto and Taranto, and in the cities of Durr\uebs and Buthrotum in Illyria. This coinage, was recovered as an \u201cisolated find\u201d and is to be connected to the restoration of the Byzantine Empire along the Eastern coastline. It also documents the recovery of the circulation of coinage, the principal instrument used in trade, capable of stimulating the symbolic substitution of worth through the use of currency. It spread along sea routes and, consequently, was instrumental in the resuming of trade, exchanges and also contacts including the monetary kind that, through Dalmatia especially, involved the northern Adriatic where the Constantine Folles of the 11th Century was accepted tender and exchange with a worth value of 1/2 Dinar

    Goths and South Pannonia

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    U radu se na temelju izvorne građe i relevantne historiografske literature daje sustavna analiza svjedočanstava ponajprije iz literarnih izvora o gotskoj prisutnosti u južnoj Panoniji (pokrajine Panonija Savija i Druga Panonija s neposrednim susjedstvom). Posebna se pozornost posvećuje značajkama i posljedicama ostrogotske vladavine u južnopanonskim pokrajinama.Gothic presence in Southpannonian provinces can be observed in three different periods of history: 1. 379/380-408; 2. 454/455-473; 3. 488/493-537. The first period was marked by initial raids, settlements and the state of unrest among members of the group comprised of three peoples: the Ostrogoths, the Alans and the Huns. The rebel Visigoth Federates also made their presence felt under Alaric’s leadership. Except in the earliest stages of the period, i.e. before the conclusion of the federate accord (380), Southpannonian provinces were not exposed to immediate danger of the federates themselves, who in fact had not been settled there in the first place (except perhaps in the part of Second Pannonia across the Drava river). However, their unreliability as the defensive line at the Danube border did instill a sense of insecurity in the life of the towns and villages. Neither did Alaric’s Goths, as far as we can tell, raid these areas, although the very appearance of an organized barbaric army must have been cause enough for fear on the part of the local population. After Ataulf joined with Alaric, they left Pannonia. This meant the disappearance of the last remnants of the Gothic component of the formerly unique tripartite group. The second period started with the appearance of Valamir’s Ostrogoths, who chose to settle over a larger portion of South Pannonia, and subsequently gained the permission from the Eastern Empire, i.e. from Emperor Marcian (455). The Ostrogoths established three separate settlements, one of which was directly governed by Valamir, occupying most of Second Pannonia and the Eastern fringes of Pannonia Savia. This whole period was fraught with incessant offensive or defensive wars waged by the Ostrogoths. On several occasions the area between the rivers Drava and Sava became the stage for different battles (against the Huns in 455 and 466, and perhaps against the Sciri in 468). Its western part was traversed by the Suavi under King Hunimundus en route to plunder (467). Sirmium served the Ostrogoths as the command point during their attempts to penetrate the Illyrian Prefecture (459, 473), i.e. in the battle against the Sarmatians (471). The constant threats of attack from the outside and the frequent Ostrogothic expeditions made the life of the local population impossible, which forced them to emigrate. Having exhausted all the immediately available resources of the region, the Ostrogoths left Pannonia (in 473). It seems that the period after their arrival should also take account of the planned settlement of a portion of the Suavi in Savia. Namely, they must have formed massive settlements in Savia, since at the beginning of the 6th century the province assumed a name reminiscent of the name of this people (Savia - Suavia = Suevia). The third period was marked by Theoderic’s attempts at bringing some order into Southpannonian provinces, i.e. to reinstitute the provincial administration which actually ceased to function ever since the beginning of the Hunnic rule over Pannonia (in 433, i.e. 441). This also had a military strategic and a political goal. At that time an important change occurred with Pannonia Savia and Dalmatia becoming a single administrative unit. Within the church administration this unity lasted all through the first half of the 10th century. What was once Second Pannonia, and then was known as Sirmian Pannonia, was structured as a separate unit, given that its southeastern-most edge, comprising the town of Bassiana, was agreed to belong to the Eastern Empire (in 510). The most numerous archeological finds date back to this period, bearing witness to Gothic presence between the rivers Sava-Drava-Danube. Following Theoderic’s death (526) the power of the Ostrogothic state gradually started to decline. Although the Ostrogoths successfully repelled the Gepide attack on Sirmium in 528, Theoderic’s death was a clear sign of changing political circumstances. Finally, in 535 the Eastern Empire waged a massive war against the Ostrogoths with a view to achieving their complete destruction. In the earliest stages of the war East Roman armies took over Sirmium, and somewhat later Savia, which the Ostrogoths had to relinquish for good in 537

    Indici dei volumi dal XXX al XL

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    The “Sirmium group”: about the so-called Gepids siliquae

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    Ostrogotski nakit u provinciji Dalmaciji

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    Tijekom 4. i 5. stoljeća Rimsko Carstvo doživljava velike turbulencije ponajviše jer je predmet konstantnih napada barbarskih naroda različite provenijencije. Među takvim narodima pronalaze se i Goti koji se vremenom dijele na dvije velike skupine: Vizigote i Ostrogote. Upravo ovi potonji značajni su za prostor Dalmacije i Panonije jer su u nekoliko vremenskih intervala boravili na istome prostoru

    La monetazione bizantina in Italia (VI-XI secolo): aggiornamento bibliografico, temi in discussione e prospettive di ricerca

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    The Byzantine coinage in Italy (6th-11th centuries) is being investigated on several research fields. The most well attended concerns the byzantine coin finds in archaeological contexts, but many of them are still unpublished and, above all, many are scattered, especially if they are found in crucial areas such as those that remained under Byzantine control for the longest time. Mint emissions are now being addressed through both quantitative studies (sequences of dies) and qualitative studies (analysis of alloy, especially concerning gold), opening up to interdisciplinary approaches. An essential goal will be the integration of numismatic data and their quantity with other research fields (economic history, archaeology, historical demography), in order to link the currency to its primary function

    Nuove scoperte sulle monete bronzee d’età imperiale con contromarche XLII e LXXXIII

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    The paper focuses once more on the topic of the Early Imperial bronze coins countermarked with the numbers XLII and LXXXIII. New evidence is proposed, probably from findings regarding the Veneto area, together with a peculiar coin, countermarked and then re-minted by Justinian: these data allow to discuss some hypotheses recently assumed on these coin

    Glicerije - zapadno rimski car i salonitanski biskup

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    Glicerije - zapadno rimski car i salonitanski biskup

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