2,508,526 research outputs found
Use of bamboo fiber in oil water separation
One of the environmental issues facing the society is the separation of oil from water in emulsions. Oily wastewater enters into the environment through many ways such as oil spill as well as from the industry. Natural fibers are a viable alternative to synthetic fibers in separating oil from the water. The oil physical characteristics and sorbents made from the fiber influences the sorption of oil onto the fiber. This work uses the naturally available bamboo fibers for separation of oil from water. Very high adsorption capacities were obtained for vegetable oil. Furthermore, recovery of oil was also tested and 90% recovery was obtained. Bamboo fiber has thus great advantage in treating oil-water mixture
Fossil Fuels: Oil
This lesson provides an introduction to the world oil market and the United States' dependence on it. Topics include our current usage, sources, and the political implications of acquiring oil from an international market. There is also discussion of how petroleum is created and trapped in reservoirs, and how oil companies find it. The lesson includes an activity in which students use an online game that simulates the exploration and production of petroleum. To win, they must actually 'produce' commercial quantities of oil or gas by drilling in the ground in a 8-by-8 mile plot of land with a budget of $2 million dollars. Educational levels: Undergraduate lower division, High school
Electrobioremediation of oil spills
Annually, thousands of oil spills occur across the globe. As a result, petroleum substances and petrochemical compounds are widespread contaminants causing concern due to their toxicity and recalcitrance. Many remediation strategies have been developed using both physicochemical and biological approaches. Biological strategies are most benign, aiming to enhance microbial metabolic activities by supplying limiting inorganic nutrients, electron acceptors or donors, thus stimulating oxidation or reduction of contaminants. A key issue is controlling the supply of electron donors/acceptors. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have emerged, in which an electrical current serves as either electron donor or acceptor for oil spill bioremediation. BES are highly controllable and can possibly also serve as biosensors for real time monitoring of the degradation process. Despite being promising, multiple aspects need to be considered to make BES suitable for field applications including system design, electrode materials, operational parameters, mode of action and radius of influence. The microbiological processes, involved in bioelectrochemical contaminant degradation, are currently not fully understood, particularly in relation to electron transfer mechanisms. Especially in sulfate rich environments, the sulfur cycle appears pivotal during hydrocarbon oxidation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the research on bioelectrochemical remediation of oil spills and of the key parameters involved in the process
How Best to Auction Oil Rights
I study the design of oil rights auctions. A good auction design promotes both an efficient assignment of rights and competitive revenues for the seller. The structure of bidder preferences and the degree of competition are key factors in determining the best design. With weak competition and additive values, a simultaneous first-price sealed-bid auction may suffice. With more complex value structures, a dynamic auction with package bids, such as the clock-proxy auction, likely is needed to promote the efficiency and revenue objectives. Bidding on production shares, rather than bonuses, typically increases government take by reducing oil company risk.Auctions, Oil Auctions, Market Design, Clock Auctions
Studies on the nutrition of brackish water catfish - Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus . 1. Preliminary investigations on the probable use of vegetable oil in catfish feeds
Four groups of brackishwater catfish were fed four diets: N.F. (NIOMR formula 1 feed), A. B. and C. for seven weeks. Feeds N.F., A., B and C. contained 1.21% fish oil + 5.59% vegetable oil; 1.21% fish oil + 7.39% vegetable oil; 1.21% fish oil + 9.09% vegetable oil; 1.21% fish oil + 10.89% vegetable oil respectively. Results of feeding trial showed that growth was best in the group fed diets containing 10.89% vegetable oil and least in those containing 9.09% vegetable oi
The impact of oil price fluctuations on stock markets in developed and emerging economies
This study examines the response of stock markets to oil price volatilities in Japan, Singapore, Korea and Malaysia by applying the generalized impulse response and variance decomposition analyses to the monthly data spanning 1986:01 â 2011:02. The results suggest that the reaction of stock markets to oil price shocks varies significantly across markets. Specifically, the stock market responds positively in Japan while negatively in Malaysia; the signal in Singapore and South Korea is unclear. We find that the stock market inefficiency, among others, appeared to have slowed the responses of the stock market to aggregate shocks such as oil price surges.oil price fluctuation, stock return, exchange rate, emerging market, VAR model.
Particles at oilâair surfaces : powdered oil, liquid oil marbles, and oil foam
The type of material stabilized by four kinds of fluorinated particles (sericite and bentonite platelet clays and spherical zinc oxide) in airâoil mixtures has been investigated. It depends on the particle wettability and the degree of shear. Upon vigorous agitation, oil dispersions are formed in all the oils containing relatively large bentonite particles and in oils of relatively low surface tension (Îłla < 26 mN mâ»Âč) like dodecane, 20 cS silicone, and cyclomethicone containing the other fluorinated particles. Particle-stabilized oil foams were obtained in oils having Îłla > 26 mN mâ»Âč where the advancing airâoilâsolid contact angle Ξ lies between ca. 90° and 120°. Gentle shaking, however, gives oil-in-air liquid marbles with all the oilâparticle systems except for cases where Ξ is <60°. For oils of tension >24 mN mâ»Âč with omniphobic zinc oxide and sericite particles for which advancing Ξ â„ 90°, dry oil powders consisting of oil drops in air which do not leak oil could be made upon gentle agitation up to a critical oil:particle ratio (COPR). Above the COPR, catastrophic phase inversion of the dry oil powders to air-in-oil foams was observed. When sheared on a substrate, the dry oil powders containing at least 60 wt % of oil release the encapsulated oil, making these materials attractive formulations in the cosmetic and food industries
How oil prices impact the labor market: empirical evidence from Alaska
Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2016The present paper uses a linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach in order to test for symmetric effects of oil price changes on employment in the oil-industry and employment in non-oil industries in Alaska. The ARDL model allows for the examination of short and long-run effects of employment by changes in crude oil prices, interest rate and personal income. Using quarterly data over the period 1987-2015, the long run results show strong positive correlation of crude oil prices and oil-industry employment and negative correlation between crude oil prices and employment in the non-oil industry in Alaska, supporting the sectoral shift hypothesis. Furthermore, interest rates significantly impact employment in both economic sectors, in the short and in the long run. While a higher interest rate leads to job creation in the oil-industry, it causes job destruction in the non-oil industry.1. Introduction -- 2. Literature Review -- 3. Oil and the Alaskan Labor Market -- 4. Methodology -- 4.1 Theoretical Framework -- 4.2 Econometric Models -- 5. Data -- 6. Empirical Results -- 6.1 Results of Oil Price Impacts on Oil Industry Employment -- 6.2 Results of Oil Price Impacts on Non-Oil Industry Employment -- 7. Conclusion -- References
Oil Spill Detection Analyzing âSentinel 2â Satellite Images: A Persian Gulf Case Study
Oil spills near exploitation areas and oil loading ports are often related to the ambitions of governments to get more oil market share and the negligence at the time of the loading in large tankers or ships. The present study investigates one oil spill event using multi sensor satellite images in the Al Khafji (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia) zone. Oil slicks have been characterized with multi sensor satellite images over the Persian Gulf and then analyzed in order to detect and classify oil spills in this zone. In particular this paper discusses oil pollution detection in the Persian Gulf by using multi sensor satellite images data. Oil spill images have been selected by using Sentinel 2 images pinpointing oil spill zones.
ENVI software for analysing satellite images and ADIOS (Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spills) for oil weathering modelling have been used.
The obtained results in Al Khafji zone show that the oil spill moves towards the coastline firstly increasing its surface and then
decreasing it until reaching the coastline
Appeal No. 0707: Halwell Company, Inc. v. Division of Mineral Resources Management
Chief\u27s Orders 2001-55, 2002-06, 2002-0
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