Lazy Reachability Analysis in Distributed Systems

We address the problem of reachability in distributed systems, modelled as networks of finite automata and propose and prove a new algorithm to solve it efficiently in many cases. This algorithm allows to decompose the reachability objective among the components, and proceeds by constructing partial products by lazily adding new components when required. It thus constructs more and more precise over-approximations of the complete product. This permits early termination in many cases, in particular when the objective is not reachable, which often is an unfavorable case in reachability analysis. We have implemented this algorithm in an early prototype and provide some very encouraging experimental results

14C dating of the lime burial of Cova de Na Dent (Mallorca, Spain): optimization of the sample preparation and limitations of the method

Lime burials are a characteristic phenomenon of the protohistoric funerary tradition on the Balearic Islands. At Cova de Na Dent, six samples, representing the entire stratigraphy of the lime burial, were taken for analysis. The radiocarbon dates suggested that the lowest levels of the burial were Late Bronze Age. This is in contradiction with the general belief that the lime burials are a late Iron Age phenomenon. Therefore, a new analysis strategy is put forward, focusing on the so-called 1st fraction, the first CO2 released during the acid lime reaction, which is supposed to be free of fossil carbon. The analysis demonstrates the impossibility to eliminate the fossil carbon fraction completely. This is probably due to the different geological formation of the local limestone deposits (ancient reef barriers) compared to the previous lime burials of Mallorca all coming from mountain areas. C-14 analysis from a cremation layer without lime at the onset of the lime burial reveals an Iron Age origin of the Cova de Na Dent lime burial

A Practical Introduction to MapServer

Platinum Sponsors * KU Department of Geography * KU Institute for Policy & Social Research Gold Sponsors * State of Kansas Data Access and Support Center (DASC) * KU Libraries GIS and Scholar Services * KU Transportation Research Institute * Wilson & Company (formerly Western Air Maps) Silver Sponsors * Bartlett & West * KU Biodiversity Institute * KansasView Consortium Bronze Sponsors * Coca-Cola * Kansas Biological Survey/Kansas Applied Remote Sensing (KARS) * KU Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) * KU Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering * Black & Veatch * Spatial Data Research * AECOM * MJ Harde

Thermochemical stability of low-iron, manganese-enriched olivine in astrophysical environments

Low-iron, manganese-enriched (LIME) olivine grains are found in cometary samples returned by the Stardust mission from comet 81P/Wild 2. Similar grains are found in primitive meteoritic clasts and unequilibrated meteorite matrix. LIME olivine is thermodynamically stable in a vapor of solar composition at high temperature at total pressures of a millibar to a microbar, but enrichment of solar composition vapor in a dust of chondritic composition causes the FeO/MnO ratio of olivine to increase. The compositions of LIME olivines in primitive materials indicate oxygen fugacities close to those of a very reducing vapor of solar composition. The compositional zoning of LIME olivines in amoeboid olivine aggregates is consistent with equilibration with nebular vapor in the stability field of olivine, without re-equilibration at lower temperatures. A similar history is likely for LIME olivines found in comet samples and in interplanetary dust particles. LIME olivine is not likely to persist in nebular conditions in which silicate liquids are stable

Lime Needs and Trends in Arkansas

Consumption of agricultural lime in Arkansas declined significantly during the past seven years. During each of the past four years, lime consumption was lower than any time since 1960. The quantity of lime needed for optimum crop production on Arkansas\u27 soils is estimated to be 2,678,700 metric tons (MT) (3,000,000 tons), based on University of Arkansas soil testing summaries. Since 1980, less than 285,728 MT(320,000 tons) of lime have been used each year. It is the natural tendency for most soils in Arkansas to become more acidic with time. Periodic addition of agricultural limestone, however, can neutralize soil acidity and help to maintain soil productivity. Nitrogen fertilizers, applied for the production of most agricultural crops, may also contribute to the acidification of soils. The annual consumption of acid-forming nitrogen fertilizers in Arkansas increased from approximately 223,225 MT(250,000 tons) during fiscal year 1974-75 to about 392,876 MT(440,000 tons) by fiscal year 1983-84. At least 2.5 times more lime was needed than was used, just to neutralize the residual acidity from acid-forming nitrogen fertilizers alone, during the same period. Shifts in crop hectareages did not account for the magnitude of decline observed in lime consumption. If lime consumption does not increase in the future, and if acid-forming nitrogen fertilizer consumption follows the current increasing trend, soil acidity will cause a decline in the yields of acid-sensitive crops

Microsatellite markers in Spanish lime (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq., Sapindaceae), a neglected Neotropical fruit crop

Spanish lime (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.) is aNeotropical fruit tree cultivated, mainly, in orchards for self-consumption or local sale. The genus Melicoccus includes other nine species with edible fruits, some of these species are at risk of extinction. Like for the vast majority of tropical fruit trees, there is no information on the genetic diversity of Spanish lime and its related species, and this is mostly due to the lack of molecular markers. The objectives of this study were to present the first microsatellite markers developed for Spanish lime, testing its usefulness on a sample of cultivated accessions, as well as its transferability to Huaya India (M. oliviformis). To do this, we performed high-throughput sequencing of microsatellite-enriched libraries of Spanish lime using Roche 454, assembled 9567 DNA contig sequences and identified 10,117 microsatellites. After screening 384 of those microsatellites on four DNA samples, 31 polymorphic markers were used to screen 25 accessions of Spanish lime and five of Huaya India collected in Yucatan, Mexico. Genetic diversity was low in Spanish lime (A = 20.61, HE = 0.38) and similar for both sexes of this species. Neighbor-Joining and PCoA analyses clearly discriminated between the two Melicoccus species studied. Nine of the markers showed unique alleles for Huaya India. The set of microsatellite markers developed has a great potential to generate information in relation to conservation genetics, improvement of elite cultivars and breeding programs for Spanish lime and related species

Studies on termite hill and lime as partial replacement for cement in plastering

This study investigated the compressive strength and water absorption capacity of 50�50�50mm mortar cubes made from mixes containing lime, termite hill and cement and sand.Two mix ratios (1:4 and 1:6) and varying binder replacements of cement with lime or termite hill amounting to 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% were used.Test results showed that the compressive strength of the mortar cubes increases with age and decreases with increasing percentage replacement of cement with lime and termite hill.However, for mix ratio 1:6, up to 20% replacement of cement with either lime or termite hill, all the mortar cubes had the same strength; subsequently, the termite hill exhibited a higher compressive strength.For mix ratio 1:4, mortar cubes made from lime/cement and termite hill/cement mixtures had the same strength at 50% replacement.Generally, water absorption is higher in mixtures containing lime (18.10% and 14.20% for mix ratios 1:6 and 1:4, respectively, both at 50% replacement level) than those containing termite hill (16.10% and 13.02% for mix ratios 1:6 and 1:4, respectively, both at 50% replacement level). Termite hills seem to be promising as a suitable, locally available housing material for plastering. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved

The influence of lime sulphur on the quality and sulphur content of organic 'Royal Gala' and 'Braeburn' apples : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Agribusiness at Massey University

Black spot or apple scab is a major disease in apple (Malus domestica) production. Its control is especially difficult in organic production systems that rely on copper- and sulphur-based fungicides which are not very effective and demand a high number of applications throughout the season. The most commonly used fungicide in organic apple production is lime sulphur, which is known to be phytotoxic, especially towards the cultivar 'Braeburn'. The influence of different application rates of lime sulphur (1% anti 2%) was evaluated when applied 11 times throughout the growing season from October to February. As varieties differ in their susceptibility to lime sulphur, the two cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Braeburn' were compared in this study. Black spot incidence and severity, russet development and postharvest quality parameters were evaluated. At harvest, residues of sulphur on and in the apple were determined as total sulphur, total water-soluble non-protein thiol compounds and cysteine content. Both cultivars behaved similarly to the application of lime sulphur, but 'Braeburn' was affected to a greater extent. Lime sulphur decreased background colour, blush, firmness, soluble solids content and dry matter content in both cultivars; fruit size in 'Braeburn' and titratable acidity in 'Royal Gala'. The changes observed can possibly be attributed at least in part to the decrease in the photosynthetic rate, which was especially drastic in 'Braeburn'. Lime sulphur caused increased russet on 'Royal Gala', but not on 'Braeburn'. Significant sulphur residues were found in the skin and flesh of both cultivars and part of the lime sulphur applied was metabolized into water-soluble non-protein thiols and cysteine. These results are of significant interest to the organic industry as the use of lime sulphur may compromise the residue-free status of organic apples and could have an influence on consumer acceptance and flavour