14,183 research outputs found

    IDEOLOGIJA KOT IDEOLOGIJA »OČITNEGA«

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    Authoress deals with the aspect of ideology, which is at the same time its weakest and strongest point, with the appealing on »obvious«, »evident«, where »obvious« allways conceals the point at which the ideology is the most vulnerable. This fact has been already pointed out by Althusser in his analysis of functioning of ideology. Although Althusser tries to think ideology as discourse, his theory of ideology allways oscilates between two points, between ¡reductibility of ideology and the idea of »epistemological cut«, between what is within and what is beyond ideology. At this point, where Althusser is faced with serious difficulties, we can rely on Lacan's theory of four discourses, where discourse of University offers the »mathem« of what is fundamental ideological operation.Avtorica se v svojem prispevku loteva hkrati najšibkejše in najmočnejše točke ideologije, sklicevanja na »očitno«, »evidentno«, pri čemer »očitno« vselej zastira mesto, kjer je ideologija najbolj ranljiva — na kar je v svoji analizi delovanja ideologije opozoril že Althusser. Althusser ideologijo sicer poskuša misliti kot diskurz, toda njegova teorija ideologije vseskozi niha med dvema točkama, med ireduktibilnostjo ideologije in idejo »epistemološkega reza«, skratka, med tem, kar je in med tem, kar ni več ideologija. Na tej točki, kjer se Althusser znajde v slepi ulici, si lahko pomagamo z Lacanovo teorijo štirih diskurzov, pri čemer nam diskurz Univerze ponuja »matem« tega, kar je neka osnovna ideološka operacija

    Ideologija ir stabmeldystė

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    A series of articles has already been published in recent years by the author on the notion of cosmogony as implied by Lithuanian term for it, sutvėrimas. This polysemous term has at least three gross branches of meanings: not only the most usual ‘fencing (in, off, around)’ but also ‘coagulation, solidifying, hardening’ and ‘catching, clenching (by hand)’, and all of these meanings are reflected in traditional views of creation. However, both the very cosmogony and still more various processes of smaller scale corresponding to different meanings of sutvėrimas (and the verb sutverti) may have also negative sense, that of stagnation, hardening, stiffness, stop of the life flow. Hence the notion of freedom, conversely, as softening, thawing, melting and free flow. Therefore, human being either stays in this definitively hardened world which has become a prison to his soul or begins to loosen his grip on it and to thaw gradually himself. On the cosmic scale, this hope and objective is eschatological, and on the personal scale, soteriological, that is, aimed at deliverance and freedom which in this sense is the opposite of cosmogony. The very ‘createdness’ in its different hues then is conceived negatively, as ‘madeness’ and artificiality, as antithesis of freedom and obstacle to it. And its principal manifestations in the inner world, then, are ideology and idolatry, the two aspects of one and the same phenomenon looked at from slightly different angles. That is exactly the subject of this article (which continues two previous, “Without ground, without support” (Razauskas 2022a) and “Ideas, Ideals, and Ideologies” (Razauskas 2022b)).Per pastaruosius kelerius ar net jau keliolika metų autoriaus paskelbta ištisa eilė straipsnių, tiesiogiai ar netiesiogiai kalbančių apie pasaulio sutvėrimą ir paties šio žodžio pagrįstumą šiuo atžvilgiu: sutverti reiškia ne tik ‘pastatyti tvorą, apsupti tvora’ ar pan., bet ir ‘sutirštinti, sustandinti, sukietinti, sutvirtinti’, ir ‘pagauti, suimti, sugniaužti ranka’, ir visos šios reikšmių atšakos su atitinkamais mitiniais vaizdiniais sudaro tradicinį pasaulio sutvėrimo vaizdyną. Tačiau tiek pats pasaulio sutvėrimas, tiek mažesnio masto veiksmai bei vyksmai, nusakomi įvairiomis veiksmažodžio sutverti reikšmėmis, turi ir neigiamą pusę – mena sąstingį, sustabarėjimą, užkietėjimą, su(si)kaustymą, gyvybinės tėkmės stabdymą bei tvenkimą. Tokiu atveju tai, kas tapo pernelyg su-tverta, pasidaro būtina iš-tverti. Naglio Kardelio žodžiais tariant, pasaulį „žmogus gali iš-tverti dvejopai: pasitelkęs kalambūrą, pasakyčiau, kad žmogus pasaulį arba iš-tveria, t. y. iškenčia, pakelia, tiesiog išbūva kantriai atlaikydamas jo svorį, arba iš-tveria, t. y. išardo, suskaldo, papildamas į šipulius tai, ką Dievas buvo su-tvėręs“ (Kardelis 1998: 40; išskyrimai N. K.), arba veikiau ką pats buvo su-tvėręs Dievo vardu. Taigi žmogus arba pasilieka apibrėžtame tvariame pasaulyje, kartu įkalinęs jame savo sielą, arba nebeapsikentęs pagaliau paleidžia gniaužtus ir nubunda į nestveriantį sąmoningumą, nebestingstančią gyvą sąmonę, grįžta į pirmapradę nesutvertąją būtį. Tokia mąstymo ir vilties kryptis pasaulio atžvilgiu yra eschatologiška, t. y. nutaikyta į pasaulio pabaigą, o asmens atžvilgiu – soteriologiška, t. y. nutaikyta į išsilaisvinimą, į laisvę, kuri šia prasme yra tiesioginė sutvėrimo priešybė. Pats sutvėrimas ir sutvertumas įvairiais atžvilgiais tokiu atveju suprantamas neigiamai – kaip laisvės priešprieša ir išsilaisvinimo kliūtis. Esminės jo apraiškos vidiniame pasaulyje – ideologija ir stabmeldystė. Straipsnis tiesiogiai tęsia du ankstesnius – „Be pagrindo, be atramos. Dvasiniai su-tvėrimo ir iš-tvėrimo kontekstai“ (Razauskas 2022a) ir „Idėjos, idealai ir ideologijos“ (Razauskas 2022b)

    Matica hrvatska u političkom životu Hrvatske 1935. - 1945.

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    Ovaj rad obrađuje jedno desetljeće (1935. - 1945.) djelatnosti jedne od najznačajnijih kulturnih ustanova hrvatskog naroda – Matice hrvatske. Desetljeće je to velikih političkih preokreta, sloma dviju država i sukoba triju dominantnih ideologija Zapada. Hrvatsko društvo u tih dramatičnih deset godina iskusilo je tri različita oblika ostvarivanja nacionalnih ideoloških programa – jugoslavenski monarhistički centralizam donekle povezan s velikosrpskim nacionalnim programom u vrijeme diktature, (kon) federalistički pokušaj rješenja hrvatskoga nacionalnog programa u Banovini Hrvatskoj i nacionalistički pokušaj stvaranja totalitarne nacije-države. U tih deset godina, prije ili kasnije, svi su ti pokušaji doživjeli slom. Ideologija kao neizostavni činitelj i pokretač svakoga političkog programa u razdoblju moderne navodi nas na istraživanje ideološkog okruženja u kojima su se politički događaji odvijali. A kako je ideologija, a prema tome i politika u širem smislu, kulturni fenomen, iznimno je važno pri proučavanju hrvatske povijesti toga razdoblja proučiti djelatnost jedne takve ustanove kakva je Matica hrvatska

    Sekularizacija i eklezijastična ideologija: radna hipoteza

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    Preveo: Srđan Vrcan. (S dopuštenjem redakcije preuzeto iz »Social Compass«, 24 (1977) 4, str. 383—405.

    Yugoslavism between the World Wars: indecisive nation-building

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    This article examines Yugoslav national programs of ruling political elites and its concrete implementation in education policy in interwar Yugoslavia. It is argued that at the beginning of the period Yugoslavism was not inherently incompatible with or subordinate to Serbian, Croatian or to a lesser degree Slovenian national ideas. However, the concrete ways in which Yugoslavism was formulated and adopted by ruling elites discredited the Yugoslav national idea and resulted in increasing delineation and polarization in the continuum of national ideas available in Yugoslavia. Throughout the three consecutive periods of political rule under scrutiny, ruling elites failed to reach a wider consensus regarding the Yugoslav national idea or to create a framework within which a constructive elaboration of Yugoslav national identity could take place. By the end of the interwar period, the Yugoslav national idea had become linked exclusively to conservatism, centralism, authoritarianism and, for non-Serbian elites at least, Serbian hegemony. Other national ideas gained significance as ideas providing viable alternatives for the regime’s Yugoslavism

    Ideologija reklame

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    Ideologija kršćanstva

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    Metafizička ideologija

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    Jezik kao stvar društva, a ne stvar pojedinca

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    Mate Kapović: Čiji je jezik, Zagreb: Algoritam, 2011
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