Eficácia do herbicida amicarbazone no controle de cordas-de-viola na cultura da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.)

The objective of the work was to evaluate the selectivity and efficiency of amicarbazone herbicide in pre-emergency, in controlling Ipomoeas species in sugarcane crop. The experiment was developed between November, 2005 to November, 2006, in Santa Terezinha Farm, Pereira Barreto County, São Paulo State, cultivated by Pioneiros Bioenergia Company. The soil of the area is classified as LVE sandy texture. The experiment was developed in area of sugarcane crop of second year (first cut), with RB 86-5486 genotype and spacing of 1.4 m between lines. Ipomoeas species selected for the experiment: Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea hederifolia, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea quamoclit and Merremia cissoides, were sowed in parallel lines to the crop lines, after sugarcane cultivation operation. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with five treatments and four replications, with plots of 20 m2(5m x 4m). Treatments were constituted by amicarbazone (1050, 1225 and 1400 g ha-1) and checks, with and without weeds. Applications were accomplished in weeds pre-emergency, at 25 days after sugarcane harvest, by using a CO2 pressurized sprayer (45 lb pol-2), with bar equipped with four bar branding tips Teejet XR110.03, spaced of 0.5 m and spray volume of 200 L ha-1. It was concluded that amicarbazone herbicide (1050, 1225 and 1400 g ha-1) was selective to sugarcane plants and highly efficient in controlling I. grandifolia, I. hederifolia, I. nil, I. quamoclit and M. cissoides.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade e a eficácia do herbicida amicarbazone em pré-emergência, no controle de espécies de cordas-de-viola na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi desenvolvido no período de novembro/2005 a novembro/2006, na Fazenda Santa Terezinha, Pereira Barreto-SP, cultivada pela Usina Pioneiros Bioenergia. O solo do local é do tipo LVE textura média. O experimento foi desenvolvido em área de cana-soca (1o corte), com a variedade RB 86-5486 e espaçamento de 1,4 m entrelinhas. As espécies de cordas-de-viola selecionadas para o experimento: Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea hederifolia, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea quamoclit e Merremia cissoides foram semeadas em linhas paralelas às linhas da cultura, após a operação de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, com parcelas de 20 m2 (5 x 4 m). Os tratamentos foram: amicarbazone (1050, 1225 e 1400 g ha-1) e testemunhas no mato e no limpo. As aplicações foram realizadas em pré-emergência das plantas daninhas, aos 25 dias após a colheita da cana-de-açúcar, utilizando-se um pulverizador pressurizado a CO2 (45 lb pol-2), com barra equipada com quatro pontas da marca Teejet XR110.03, espaçados de 0,5 m e volume de calda de 200 L ha-1. Concluiu-se que o herbicida amicarbazone (1050, 1225 e 1400 g ha-1) foi seletivo às plantas de cana-de-açúcar e altamente eficiente no controle das cordas-de-viola: I. grandifolia, I. hederifolia, I. nil, I. quamoclit e M. cissoides

Анафорична обробка нульової форми займенника монолінгвами-носіями бразильського варіанта португальської: онлайн дослідження

The aim of this paper was to investigate anaphoric processing of the null pronoun in Brazilian Portuguese and determine whether the perception of morphological gender features has a disambiguating effect during the process of reading. This feature enables the anaphoric null pronoun to be interpreted as referring to either the subject or object. We assume the proposal put forth by Carminati (2005) regarding the resolution of the null subject pronoun, which is based on the investigation of the processing of full and null pronouns in Italian. The sample of the present study was composed of 32 speakers of university-level Brazilian Portuguese. The stimuli were temporal adverbial subordinate clauses with the manipulation of the gender feature in the participle as disambiguating information. The authors used the self-paced reading experimental paradigm with a control response. The results were in line with that predicted by the Feature Strength Hypothesis and Antecedent Position Hypothesis put forth by Carminati (2005).Мета статті - дослідити анафоричну обробку нульової форми займенника в бразильському варіанті португальської мови та визначити, чи сприйняття гендерних морфологічних ознак має ефект розбіжності під час читання. Ця особливість дає змогу інтерпретувати анафоричну нульову форму займенника як референцію на предмет або об'єкт. Автори покликаються на гіпотезу Carminati (2005) щодо змісту нульової форми займенника, яка грунтується на дослідженні когнітивного перероблення повної та нульової форм займенників в італійській мові. Вибірку склало 32 студенти університету - носії бразильського варіанта португальської. Стимулами слугували темпоральні адвербіальні підрядні речення, які змінювалися за ознакою роду дієприкметника, що знімало неоднозначність інформації. Автори використовували експериментальну платформу самоконтролю читання із контролем реакції. Результати дослідження узгоджуються з результатами, що передбачені гіпотезою прояву ознак (Feature Strength Hypothesis) та гіпотезою позиції антецедента (Antecedent Position Hypothesis) за термінами Carminati (2005)

Peaks in the cosmological density field: parameter constraints from 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey data

We use the number density of peaks in the smoothed cosmological density field taken from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey to constrain parameters related to the power spectrum of mass fluctuations, n (the spectral index), dn/d(lnk) (rolling in the spectral index), and the neutrino mass, m_nu. In a companion paper we use N-body simulations to study how the peak density responds to changes in the power spectrum, the presence of redshift distortions and the relationship between galaxies and dark matter halos. In the present paper we make measurements of the peak density from 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey data, for a range of smoothing filter scales from 4-33 h^-1 Mpc. We use these measurements to constrain the cosmological parameters, finding n=1.36 (+0.75)(-0.64), m_nu < 1.76 eV, dn/d(lnk)=-0.012 (+0.192)(-0.208), at the 68 % confidence level, where m_nu is the total mass of three massive neutrinos. At 95% confidence we find m_nu< 2.48 eV. These measurements represent an alternative way to constrain cosmological parameters to the usual direct fits to the galaxy power spectrum, and are expected to be relatively insensitive to non-linear clustering evolution and galaxy biasing.Comment: Accepted for Publication in MNRAS on Sept 25, 2009. Abstract modified to remove LaTex markup

A Survey on Continuous Time Computations

We provide an overview of theories of continuous time computation. These theories allow us to understand both the hardness of questions related to continuous time dynamical systems and the computational power of continuous time analog models. We survey the existing models, summarizing results, and point to relevant references in the literature

The collisional evolution of undifferentiated asteroids and the formation of chondritic meteoroids

Most meteorites are fragments from recent collisions experienced in the asteroid belt. In such a hyper-velocity collision, the smaller collision partner is destroyed, whereas a crater on the asteroid is formed or it is entirely disrupted, too. The present size distribution of the asteroid belt suggests that an asteroid with 100 km radius is encountered $10^{14}$ times during the lifetime of the Solar System by objects larger than 10 cm in radius; the formed craters cover the surface of the asteroid about 100 times. We present a Monte Carlo code that takes into account the statistical bombardment of individual infinitesimally small surface elements, the subsequent compaction of the underlying material, the formation of a crater and a regolith layer. For the entire asteroid, 10,000 individual surface elements are calculated. We compare the ejected material from the calculated craters with the shock stage of meteorites with low petrologic type and find that these most likely stem from smaller parent bodies that do not possess a significant regolith layer. For larger objects, which accrete a regolith layer, a prediction of the thickness depending on the largest visible crater can be made. Additionally, we compare the crater distribution of an object initially 100 km in radius with the shape model of the asteroid (21) Lutetia, assuming it to be initially formed spherical with a radius that is equal to its longest present ellipsoid length. Here, we find the shapes of both objects to show resemblance to each other.Comment: Accepted by Ap

Examining Collegiality and Social Justice in Academia and the Private Sector: an Exploratory SYMLOG Analysis

This research compares the perceptions of the private sector, high-technology employees to the perceptions of university faculty members regarding organizational culture, social justice and collegiality concepts. The SYMLOG assessment technique was used to record the perceptions of respondents to four different concepts of organizational culture, two different aspects of social justice and two measures of collegiality. Comparative findings of gender differences across the eight concepts raise key organizational culture, legal, measurement, governance, and social policy issues for academia and high tech organizations. The development of a conceptual framework to guide future research and a blueprint to discuss desired organizational change are highlighted