130,167 research outputs found

    Un environnement formel d'assistance à la modélisation de protocoles

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    The use of protocol design toolkits based on UML profiles has been hampered by the lack of methodological support. Indeed, those toolkits should include an assistant based on patterns and dedicated to driving the designer step by step through a well defined methodology. Thus, the TURTLE UML profile is extended with widely accepted service and protocol-oriented patterns. These patterns are built upon UML analysis diagrams i.e. use case, interaction overview and sequence diagrams. Moreover, all these patterns and diagrams have a formal semantics. Finally, they have been implemented in TTool, the open-source toolkit supporting TURTLE. The proposed approach remains general and may be applied to various modeling languages and use-case analysis driven processes

    Traçabilité d'exigences temporelles dans l'outil UML/SysML TTool

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    La démonstration proposée concerne la traçabilité d'exigences tout au long du cycle de développement d'un systÚme temps-réel, potentiellement distribué. L'outil TTool, basé sur un profil UML2, permet de saisir les exigences au format SysML, puis de confronter, par utilisation de techniques de vérification formelle, ces exigences aux diagrammes UML du systÚme

    La génération X au Québec : une génération sacrifiée ?

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    Cet article examine de maniĂšre comparative le parcours professionnel de diverses gĂ©nĂ©rations quĂ©bĂ©coises Ă  partir des donnĂ©es transversales recueillies par Statistique Canada depuis 1976. Il cherche plus spĂ©cifiquement Ă  savoir jusqu’à quel point la gĂ©nĂ©ration X constitue une gĂ©nĂ©ration sacrifiĂ©e, comme l’ont laissĂ© entendre nombre d’observateurs au cours des annĂ©es 1980 et 1990. L’analyse montre que, si toutes les gĂ©nĂ©rations ont Ă©tĂ© touchĂ©es d’une maniĂšre ou d’une autre par les mutations Ă©conomiques des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, la gĂ©nĂ©ration X semble avoir, plus que toute autre cohorte, cumulĂ© de multiples dĂ©savantages sur le marchĂ© du travail. Non seulement a-t-elle connu d’importantes difficultĂ©s d’insertion professionnelle, mais elle a aussi Ă©tĂ© la pionniĂšre d’un nouveau modĂšle de travail ainsi que d’un nouveau cycle de vie professionnelle.This paper provides a comparative examination of the career paths of various generations in QuĂ©bec, based on transverse data gathered by Statistics Canada since 1976. More specifically, the aim is to find out to what extent generation X constitutes a sacrificed generation, as was suggested by many observers during the 1980s and 1990s. The analysis shows that while all generations were affected in one way or another by the economic shifts of recent decades, more than any other cohort, generation X seems to have faced multiple disadvantages in the labour market. Not only did the members of this generation face considerable difficulties in entering the labour force, they also seem to have been the pioneers of a new work model, and of a new occupational life cycle

    De génération en génération : Identités et projets identitaires de Montréalais de la « deuxiÚme génération »

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    Cet article s’appuie sur plusieurs recherches menĂ©es au cours des annĂ©es 1990 dans diffĂ©rents milieux sociaux et culturels Ă  MontrĂ©al sur la question des identitĂ©s ethniques des jeunes issus de l’immigration. Ces divers travaux ont permis de constater que les parents immigrants, les parents en union mixte et ceux qui adoptent Ă  l’étranger formulent des projets spĂ©cifiques quant Ă  l’identitĂ© ethnique de leur enfant et dĂ©ploient plusieurs stratĂ©gies concrĂštes Ă  cet effet. Une Ă©tude rĂ©cente que nous menons sur les unions mixtes inclut un Ă©chantillon de parents qui ont grandi en milieu ethnique minoritaire Ă  MontrĂ©al. Leurs projets identitaires pour leurs enfants sont comparĂ©s avec leur propre socialisation et les projets identitaires qu’avaient leurs parents immigrants pour eux. Cet article dĂ©montre que les projets identitaires actuels des jeunes parents issus de milieux immigrĂ©s se distinguent de ceux des cohortes prĂ©cĂ©dentes Ă  plusieurs Ă©gards, notamment en ce qui a trait aux enjeux de la rĂ©alitĂ© pluraliste.This article is based on a number of research projects conducted during the 1990s in various social and cultural environments of Montreal concerning the issue of ethnic identities among young people who are products of immigration. These various initiatives have made it possible to observe that immigrant parents, parents in mixed-couple relationships, and those who have opted for international adoption formulate specific projects as regards the ethnic identity of their children and use a number of concrete strategies to this effect. A recent study that we are conducting involving mixed couples includes a sampling of parents who have grown up in an ethnic minority environment of Montreal. The identity projects they have developed for their children are compared with their own socialization and the identity projects that their immigrant parents had for them. This article demonstrates that the identity projects of today’s young parents from immigrant environments are different from those of previous cohorts in a number of regards, especially with respect to issues linked to a pluralist reality

    Choosing the Field of Study in Post-Secondary Education: Do Expected Earnings Matter?

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    This paper examines the determinants of the choice of the major when the length of studies is uncertain, by using a framework in which students entering post-secondary education are assumed to anticipate their future earnings. For that purpose, we use French data coming from the 1992 and 1998 Génération surveys collected by the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur l'Emploi et les Qualifications (CEREQ, Marseille). Our econometric approach is based on a semi-structural three-equations model, which is identified thanks to some exclusion restrictions. We exploit in particular exogenous variations in the earnings returns associated with the majors across the business cycle, in order to identify the causal effect of expected earnings on the probability of choosing a given major. Relying on a three-component mixture distribution, we account for correlation between the unobserved individual-specific terms affecting the preferences for the majors, the unobserved individual-specific factors entering the equation determining the length of studies within each major, and that affecting the labor market earnings equation. Following Arcidiacono and Jones (2003), we use the EM algorithm with a sequential maximization step to produce consistent parameter estimates. Simulating for each given major a 10 percent increase in the expected earnings suggests that expected earnings have a statistically significant but quantitatively small impact on the allocation of students across majors.post-secondary education, major choice, returns to education, EM algorithm

    Typology of early professional careers and perceived discrimination for young people of foreign origin

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    This research focuses on individuals who consider they have been victims of discrimination. The aim is to look at the feeling of discrimination and to assess its effects on career paths seven years after leaving school. Taking data from the Class of 98 (Génération 98) survey by the Céreq, we used the method for grouping self-organising maps (Kohonen's algorithm), supplemented by an econometric analysis to distinguish eight major classes of career paths. In parallel, an interview survey was conducted. The results show a segmentation of career paths at two levels. On the one hand, young people of foreign origin who experienced discrimination are over-represented in certain paths, characterised by unemployment, temping or precarious work (inter- class segmentation). On the other hand, strong inequalities exist within those paths which provide rapid access to stabe employment, as persons obtain lower-quality jobs (intra-class segmentation).Labor economics, segmentation, discrimination, youth, France.

    Génération de tests de vulnérabilité web à partir de modÚles

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    National audienceCet article concerne la gĂ©nĂ©ration automatique de tests de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© Ă  partir de modĂšles pour applications Web. Les technologies de gĂ©nĂ©ration de tests Ă  partir de modĂšles sont aujourd'hui principalement mises en Ɠuvre dans le contexte du test fonctionnel. L'application de ces techniques au test de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© sur applications Web en renouvelle les problĂ©matiques de recherche, tant au niveau de la modĂ©lisation, du pilotage de la gĂ©nĂ©ration des tests qu'au niveau de l'assignation du verdict de test. Cet article prĂ©sente une approche originale pour la gĂ©nĂ©ration de tests de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© fondĂ©e sur une modĂ©lisation du comportement fonctionnel de l'application sous test et sur la formalisation des attaques Ă  tester sous la forme de schĂ©mas de tests. Ces schĂ©mas dĂ©finissent ainsi la stratĂ©gie de gĂ©nĂ©ration des tests de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©. Cette approche est illustrĂ©e sur un exemple de site Web vulnĂ©rable (l'application DVWA)

    Génération, générations

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    Sous bien des plumes, il est question d’une « gĂ©nĂ©ration 68 », fondĂ©e sur l’équation Mai 68=baby-boomers. Certes, il serait incongru d’enlever Ă  ces derniers leur rĂŽle, effectif, dans les Ă©vĂ©nements du printemps 1968. Pour autant, il apparaĂźt historiquement plus juste de parler de gĂ©nĂ©rations 68 au pluriel. Et un tel constat, important en lui-mĂȘme, l’est Ă©galement pour ce qui concerne l’étude de l’ombre portĂ©e de ces Ă©vĂ©nements. Les gĂ©nĂ©rations, en effet, actrices d’un prĂ©sent, sont toujours le fruit d’un passĂ© et c’est bien sous l’effet d’une telle double diffĂ©renciation qu’elles diffractent ensuite de façon trĂšs contrastĂ©e une histoire commune et deviennent, de ce fait, un prisme dans lequel l’ombre portĂ©e de cette histoire se lit de diverses maniĂšres. L’analyse de cette diversitĂ© est d’autant plus complexe que cette – ou ces – gĂ©nĂ©rations 68 est devenue depuis quelques annĂ©es l’objet d’un procĂšs en responsabilitĂ© : les mots forgĂ©s par cette gĂ©nĂ©ration auraient engendrĂ© les maux de la sociĂ©tĂ© française contemporaine. Ce sont aussi ces accusations qui constituent l’ombre portĂ©e et qui sont Ă©tudiĂ©es dans cet article.Many pens write of a “68 generation”, based on the equation May 68=baby boomers. To be sure, it would be incongruous to take their role away, a real one, in the events of Spring 1968. However, it seems to be historically more valid to speak of generations 68 in the plural. Such an observation, important in itself, is equally important concerning the study of the cast shadow these events left. Generations, thus, actors of a present, are always the fruit of a past and it is under the effect of a double differentiation that they diffract a very contrasted common history and become, because of this, a prism in which the shadow carried by this history can be read in various ways. The analysis of this diversity is all the more complex as this or these 68 generations has/have become over recent years the object of a process of responsibility: the words forged by this generation are said to have engendered the defects of contemporary French society. It is also these accusations that make up the shadow cast studied in this article

    Fast and Slow Speech Rate: a Characterisation for French

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    This paper is concerned with the evaluation of speech rate in French. Usually, this dynamic parameter is described as a unidimensional quantitative dimension. It is shown that the slowing down of speech has also major qualitative effects that must be taken into account. The theory on slowing down speech is thus revised

    Génération terrestre

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    Ce document prĂ©sente ma crĂ©ation nommĂ©e GĂ©nĂ©ration terrestre qui a pour but d'immerger le spectateur dans un monde inconnu : graphique et sonore Ă©voluant indĂ©finiment via un assemblage d'algorithmes informatiques. Dans cet Ă©crit, je souhaite prĂ©senter Ă  mon lecteur les systĂšmes gĂ©nĂ©ratifs ainsi que l'intelligence artificielle, Ă  travers les diffĂ©rents principes d'auto-dĂ©veloppement. J'expliquerai grĂące aux thĂ©ories sur l'Ă©volution comment simuler un Ă©cosystĂšme artificiel. D'un point de vue esthĂ©tique, j'aborderai aussi les techniques graphiques et sonores qui amĂšnent le spectateur Ă  plonger dans cette simulation. Je mettrai en avant les diffĂ©rentes variations possibles d'une Ɠuvre gĂ©nĂ©rative en fonction du temps. Ma problĂ©matique est donc orientĂ©e vers l'auto-conception infinie d'une Ɠuvre d'art numĂ©rique. La crĂ©ation finale est prĂ©sentĂ©e sur un Ă©cran reliĂ© Ă  un matĂ©riel audio.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : intelligence, artificielle, gĂ©nĂ©ratif, infini, Ă©cosystĂšm
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