Synthetic composite material kerrock and its application in civil engineering

The diploma work presents synthetic composite material Kerrock. First the production of the synthetic composite material composed of aluminium hydroxide and polymer binder is described. Then the technology of processing of Kerrock slabs used for façade cladding is presented and test methods used to acquire Slovenian Technical Approval STS-11/0029 are given. In continuation of the work test methods according to European guidelines ETAG 034 are described and characteristics of the Kerrock cladding system are given. At the end different techniques of fixing the Kerrock slabs to prefabricated supporting system are presented and the process of the Kerrock cladding system execution at the hospital in Novo mesto is illustrated

Environmental aspects in construction industry

The thesis presents the environmental aspects that result from construction activities, products or services provided by a construction company. The most important aspects, their origin and their effects upon the environment are described. In order to determine the perceived importance of\ud individual environmental influences for tte design engineer s point of view, a preliminary survey was carried out on a small sample of structural design engineers. The obtained results show that the design engineers are aware of the environmental influences of the structures, both during their construction as well as during their use. Further, the results show that they perceive as the most important the following environmental influences: construction and demolition waste and energy use.

The calculation of superstructure for given loads

In the first part of Diploma Thesis there are elements of railroad superstructure described in detail,\ud which decisively influence on railroad condition, considering the Rule Book of Railroad\ud Superstructure issued in the Official Gazette of Republic of Slovenia with number 92/2010. There are\ud railways, railsteps, railbed, tightening and binding tools described.\ud In the second part there is a theory for calculating tensions due to temperature change and bend\ud presented. In calculating tension due to bend there is Zimmerman method presented and dynamic\ud impacts are taken into consideration with a help of Eissmann theory.\ud In the last part I have made actual calculation based on gathered starting point data. Using it I have\ud calculated tensions in different shapes of standard railways and in different conditions of upper\ud structure. I have made calculations tensions due to temperature changes in case of non-friction laid\ud railways and friction laid railways. There is also a calculation of tension due to bend having a\ud calculation of subsidence, bending moment, pressure and a calculation of bending tensions in\ud dynamic traffic load

Autogenous shrinkage, speciality of high performance concretes

Autogenous shrinkage is a consequence of self dessication in pores of hardened cement paste and is, at high performance concrete significantly greater than that of the ordinary concretes, mainly due to low water to cement ratio. In the graduation thesis we examined the main mechanisms that cause autogenous shrinkage. It can be reduced by internal curinginternal water reservoirs. As internal water reservoirs we used pre-soaked expanded clay Liapor. On specimens, in which we replaced 12 % of aggregate with pre-soaked expanded clay, we measured shrinkage and compressive strength. The results were compared with previously performed tests on high performance concrete without additives and on high performance concrete with addition of pre-soaked lightweight aggregate Lehnjak. We concluded that content of pre-soaked expanded clay has positive effect on shrinkage, but negative effect on the compressive strength

Numerical calculations of ground settlements in the Settle 3D programme

The Bachlors thesis discusses the usage and theoretical background of the program Settle 3D. Settle 3D is mainly used for computation of ground settlement in various situations. We begin by introducing the four methods used to compute stress caused by surface load in order to calculate effective stress and settlement. We continue by explaining, in steps, how to input data for computation of several different situations. As we move on, we reserch some irregularities associated with graphical result output when dealing with rigid loads. Proof was found that Settle 3D correctly computes but inaccurately visualises settlement results under rigid loads. The effects of this flaw can be minimized by adding a larger number of field grid points. After that, we talk about irregularities that can occur if loads aren't properly defined. We conclude this thesis with the computation of two case histories. The results gaind through Settle 3D, were than compered to results gained by conventional methods. This was done in order to asses the programs accuracy, which in the end proved as adequate

The impact of the configuration of masonry infills on the seismic responce of concrete frame

The impact of the configuration of masonry infills on the seismic response of infilled reinforced concrete frames is demonstrated by means of an example of an eight- storey building located near Ljubljana. Firstly the behavior of such buildings in seismic regions is presented followed by an overview of the mechanical properties of masonry infills and a description of Eurocode 8 requirements for simplified seismic analysis of such buildings. In the second part of the thesis, results of seismic analyses of the investigated building taking in account different configurations of infills are presented. Engineering demand parameters, which were obtained by lateral force method, are presented in terms of fundamental vibration periods, storey shear forces, storey drifts and internal forces. Results have\ud shown that infills greatly reduce storey drifts and halve the fundamental vibration periods. Shear forces are also reduced but because of the simple single-strut model they are also underestimated. In conclusion masonry infills have an impact on the seismic response of reinforced concrete frames and so must be properly analyzed

Multi - criteria comparison between optimal solutions of a building restoration

This thesis focuses on an existing building that has to be restored due to its bad condition. Restoration has to be done mainly because of the poor earthquake-safety and the energetic inefficiency; however, the restoration will enhance other characteristics of the building, too, such as the exterior looks, the bearing strength and stability of the building, and the cracks in the buildnig will be repaired. \ud To begin a complete renovation we have to make a list of all neccessary tasks first. While doing the list, some areas haven't been taken into account; these are: changing electrical wiring and mechanical equipment and costs that appear at managing the exterior of the house. This list represents our estimate of the costs that will appear during restoration of the building. After that we assess the costs of building a substitute building where demolition of the old building is considered, too.\ud Final values are compared and we can see that costs of restoration are approximately half lower than costs of building a new, substitute building. In the comparison not only the costs are compared, but also other aspects of the building, such as durability, possibilities of adjusting the geometry of the building and also the time needed for putting up the substitute building. However, the final decision on whether it is better to repair the old building or builing a new one is in the hands of the investor. He is the one who knows exactly what his wishes and needs in connection to the buildling are

Apartment rental rates analysis in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Klagenfurt (Austria)

This thesis deals with the market of rentable apartments and analyzes the prices of apartment rents in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Klagenfurt (Austria). Both cities are presented and described using statistical data with emphasis on characteristics that affect the demand and supply of rental housing. Furthermore a short description of housing legislation in the field of tenancy is given. The main part of the thesis deals with the analysis of market rents for apartments in Ljubljana and Klagenfurt, with the aim to point out the differences and similarities between the market of rentable apartments in Slovenia and Austria. Results of the analysis have shown that market rents for apartments in both cities are similar. Analysis also pointed out that the operating costs of rentable apartments in Klagenfurt are higher than in Ljubljana, but one must take into consideration that average monthly wage in Klagenfurt is also higher than the one in Ljubljana

Geosynthetics for separation and filtration in civil engineering

This graduation thesis covers specifications, properties and functions of geosynthetic\ud materials used for filtration and separation purposes. It also describes different requirements\ud covered in standards and presents possible design solutions for different types of use. The\ud work discusses in detail the importance on knowledge of materials when designing with\ud geotextiles and presents basic information for the reader to understand how material\ud properties and soil properties influence the decision on final design choice. Problems that\ud may occur during installation, or during design phase, are also described

Determination of characteristic compressive strength of self- compacting and vibrated concrete

The use of self-compacting concrete is increasing due to the demand of faster work performance and better working conditions. The leadership countries in this field are European, and especially Scandinavian countries. Also Slovenian constructors are using self- compacting concrete where performing mechanical vibrations is difficult or impossibile. The purpose of the present Graduation thesis is to determinate the characteristic compressive strength of self-compacting concrete taking in consideration the standards and adequate statistic procedure. The results will be compared with those of vibrated concrete