PENERAPAN JOBSHEET MATERI PRAKTIK KERJA KAYU SAMBUNGAN LUBANG DAN PEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA KELAS X TKK DI SMKN 3 JOMBANG

PENERAPAN JOBSHEET MATERI PRAKTIK KERJA KAYU SAMBUNGAN LUBANG DAN PEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA KELAS X TKK DI SMKN 3 JOMBANG Willy Funga Niranda Mahasiswa S1 Pendidikan Teknik Bangunan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Surabaya [email protected] Abstrak Media pembelajaran merupakan prasarana utama dalam penyampaian materi. Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan kurang optimalnya guru dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran terkait dengan pemanfaatan media pembelajaran dan pemahaman terhadap bakat atau potensi peserta didik sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan dengan adanya perbedaan antara penerapan jobsheet dan metode konvensional dalam praktik kerja kayu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan jobsheet dalam materi praktik kerja kayu sambungan lubang dan pen. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan “Pre-Experimental Design” dengan bentuk One-Shot Case Study. Lokasi penelitian di SMKN 3 Jombang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa satu kelas X TKK SMKN 3 Jombang dengan jumlah 32 siswa. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa bahwa penerapan jobsheet pada mata pelajaran praktik kerja kayu dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan prosentase analisis kegiatan guru pada pertemuan ke-1 79.41% pertemuan ke-2 81.25% pertemuan ke-3 84.37 %, aktivitas siswa pada pertemuan ke-1 78.41%, pertemuan ke-2 81.25%, pertemuan ke-3 85.15%. dan pencapaian hasil belajar siswa diatas KKM. Kata kunci: KKM, hasil belajar, jobsheet. Abstract Learning media is the main infrastructure in delivering material. Facts on the field show that the teacher is not optimal in carrying out the learning process related to the use of learning media and understanding of the talents or potential of students as factors that influence learning outcomes. This can be indicated by the difference between the application of jobsheet and conventional methods in wood working practices. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of jobsheet in the work practice materials of wood connection holes and pens. This type of research is a "Pre-Experimental Design" with the One-Shot Case Study. The location of the research is at SMK 3 Jombang. The sample in this study were students of class X TKK SMK 3 Jombang with a total of 32 students. Data is collected using observation and documentation. Data were analyzed through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this paper indicate that the application of jobsheet to the subjects of wood working practices can improve student learning outcomes. This can be indicated by an increase in the percentage analysis of teacher activities at the 1st meeting 79.41% 2nd meeting 81.25% 3rd meeting 84.37%, student activity at 1st meeting 78.41%, 2nd meeting 81.25%, meeting 3rd 85.15%. and the achievement of student learning outcomes above the KKM. Keyword : KKM, learning outcomes, jobsheet

The development of diagnostic tools for the grapevine pathogen Eutypa lata : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Genetics at Massey University

Eutypa lata is the causal agent of Eutypa dieback on grapevines. The fungus invades the vine and grows there unnoticed, possibly for several years, causing discolouration and deformation of the vine shoots and leaves. Most berries fail to establish on these shoots and the fungus eventually kills the vine. The damaging effects of this fungus have had a notable financial impact on the grape and wine industry world wide and E. lata is at present the primary constraint on vineyard longevity in many places including California and Australia. Little is known about the occurrence and distribution of Eutypa dieback within New Zealand. This is due mainly to difficulties associated with identification of the disease in grapevines. To develop a molecular probe for the identification of E. lata from grapevine wood the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplified the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the intervening 5.8S gene of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from representative isolates. The sequences of the E. lata ITS regions were used to design two pairs of primers, each of which was subsequently shown to be specific for the amplification of predicted-size fragments from genomic DNA of E. lata. The primer pairs were further tested using template DNA extracted from healthy grapevines and from other fungi commonly isolated from dieback diseased grapevines but no PCR amplification was observed. Simple DNA extraction protocols, leading to the rapid release of DNA, were tested to enable identification of E. lata from pure culture and grapevine wood; however, a suitable DNA extraction method from these materials was not found. Currently the only known source of inoculum is ascospores, which are released from perithecia during and immediately after rainfall. However, few perithecia have been found in New Zealand vineyards. This has prompted the study of the mating habits of E. lata. As the sexual stage of E. lata cannot be obtained in culture at present, the analysis of its mating system must be performed in natural populations. Molecular characterisation of the mating type at the outset of a mating project allows significant savings in time and effort as it drastically reduces the number of crosses that must be set up. So far, cloning of mating type (MAT) genes from fungi has been hampered by low conservation among them. Most ascomycete fungi have one mating type gene with two alternative forms or idiomorphs (MAT1-1 and MAT1-2). One of the pair of MAT genes. MAT1-2, encodes a protein with a conserved DNA binding motif called the high mobility group (HMG) box. There is sufficient sequence conservation at the borders of the HMG box to allow PCR amplification. New Zealand isolates of E. lata, including sixteen single ascospore isolates from one perithecium, were tested for the presence of a MAT1-2 idiomorph using this PCR based approach. Five different sets of primers were used which were designed to anneal at different target sites with different specificities. PCR products of the expected size were obtained and sequenced, but despite exhaustive attempts to optimise PCR specificity, none of these had convincing homology to fungal mating type genes. Progress on the basic aspects of the genetics of E. lata will continue to be hampered until the organism is induced to complete its life cycle in culture. Molecular studies into the mating type genes which regulate sexual compatibility and sexual reproduction in the fungus should lead to a deeper understanding of the life-cycle of E. lata and the critical influence of sex on population genetics. In addition, it will provide a scientific basis for a management program urgently needed to minimise the impact of this disease

Delimitation of Funga as a valid term for the diversity of fungal communities: the Fauna, Flora & Funga proposal (FF&F)

As public policies and conservation requirements for biodiversity evolve there is a need for a term for the kingdom Fungi equivalent to Fauna and Flora. Thisneed is considered to be urgent in order to simplify projects oriented toward implemention of educational and conservation goals. In an informal meeting held duringthe IX Congreso Latinoamericano de Micología by the authors, the idea of clarifying this matter initiated an extensive search of pertinent terminologies. As a result ofthese discussions and reviews, we propose that the word Funga be employed as an accurate and encompassing term for these purposes. This supports the proposal of thethree Fs, Fauna, Flora and Funga, to highlight parallel terminology referring to treatments of these macrorganism of particular geographical areas. Alternative terms andproposals are acknowledged and discussedFil: Kuhar, José Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Furci, Giuliana. Fundación Fungi; ChileFil: Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro Ricardo. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Pfister, Donald H.. Harvard University; Estados Unido

Orchidaceae en el Parque Natural Municipal da Restinga de Praia do Forte, Bahía, Brasil

Background and Aims: Bahia is one of the Brazilian states with the greatest diversity of orchids. Species restricted to microhabitats or forming small populations, being subject to local suppression, have been reported for restingas of the state. The north coast of Bahia has recently been exposed to intense anthropic pressures, including disordered occupation of land and predatory tourism. In order to encourage the adoption of regional conservation strategies, we carried out a survey of the orchid flora in the Parque Natural Municipal da Restinga de Praia do Forte (PNMR Praia do Forte), a fragment of restinga on the north coast of the state. Methods: Field work was conducted monthly from September 2016 to December 2017, and in July 2020 and August 2022, by employing the walking survey method. We consulted collections of the herbaria ALCB, HRB, HUEFS, and RB in person, as well as digital images of type specimens deposited in European herbaria and the Environmental Information Reference Center database. Phenological and distribution data of the species in the phytophysiognomies of PNMR Praia do Forte were mostly obtained in the field. Key results: Orchidaceae is represented by 14 genera and 16 species in the PNMR Praia do Forte, most of which are native to the Neotropics (14 spp., including eight endemic to Brazil), mainly terrestrial (six spp.), occurring exclusively in restinga forest formations (eight spp.). Epistephium williamsii, Gomesa barbata, Oeceoclades maculata, Pachygenium parvum, Polystachya concreta and Prescottia leptostachya (restricted to Bahia state) form small populations (<50 individuals). Conclusions: The orchid flora of the PNMR Praia do Forte, especially the aforementioned species, requires the attention from managers, in order to implement possible management and conservation actions and prevent them from being suppressed locally. We suggest greater surveillance actions in the park and environmental education actions among local residents and tourists.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Bahía es uno de los estados brasileños con mayor diversidad de orquídeas. Para restingas del estado se han reportado especies restringidas a microhábitats o que forman pequeñas poblaciones, estando sujetas a supresión local. La costa norte de Bahía ha estado expuesta recientemente a intensas presiones antrópicas, incluida la ocupación desordenada de la tierra y el turismo depredador. Con el fin de fomentar la adopción de estrategias de conservación regionales, llevamos a cabo un estudio de la flora de orquídeas en el Parque Natural Municipal da Restinga de Praia do Forte (PNMR Praia do Forte), un fragmento de restinga en la costa norte del estado. Métodos: El trabajo de campo se realizó mensualmente desde septiembre 2016 a diciembre 2017, así como en julio 2020 y agosto 2022, empleando el método de caminata libre. Consultamos personalmente las colecciones de los herbarios ALCB, HRB, HUEFS y RB, así como la base de datos del Centro de Referencia de Información Ambiental e imágenes digitales de especímenes tipo depositados en herbarios europeos. Los datos fenológicos y de distribución de las especies en las fitofisonomías del PNMR Praia do Forte se obtuvieron principalmente en el campo. Resultados clave: Orchidaceae está representada por 14 géneros y 16 especies en el PNMR Praia do Forte, en su mayoría nativas del Neotropico (14 spp., incluidas ocho endémicas de Brasil), principalmente terrestres (seis spp.), ocurriendo exclusivamente en formaciones forestales de restinga (ocho spp.). Epistephium williamsii, Gomesa barbata, Oeceoclades maculata, Pachygenium parvum, Polystachya concreta y Prescottia leptostachya (restringida al estado de Bahía) forman poblaciones pequeñas (<50 individuos). Conclusiones: La flora orquidológica del PNMR Praia do Forte, especialmente las especies antes mencionadas, requiere la atención de los gestores, para implementar posibles acciones de manejo y conservación y evitar su supresión local. Sugerimos mayores acciones de vigilancia en el parque y educación ambiental entre residentes locales y turistas

Effects of Motivation on Employees Performance: A Case of Vice President’s Office in Dar es Salaam

This study attempts to assess the effects of motivation on employee performance using field data collected at Vice President’s Office in Dar es Salaam. Correlation technique was employed to find out the relationship between two variables. Regression technique also was used to find out to which extent one variable affect the other using coefficient results. Correlation results for salary is 0.589, Transport benefits 0.421, medical benefits 0.395, extra duty allowance 0.421, carrier achievement 0.562, promotion benefits 0.672 and correlation for recognition is 0.407 which reveal existence of positive relationship between motivation and employees’performance and therefore implying that the increase in motivation will lead to increase in employees’ performance. This situation insists on increasing attention to employee motivation practice in order to improve employee performance. The findings suggest enhancement of current motivation package by incorporating both intrinsic such as promotion, recognition, support for carrier achievement and extrinsic motivation factors such as salary, extra duty allowance, transport allowance, medical benefits will help optimum utilization of human resources as well as increasing employees’ performance. Furthermore there is pressing need to develop organisation motivation policy that will help the VPO management properly handling motivation function

Species diversity of macrofungi on fallows in the buffer zones of the landscape parks in Łódzkie province

This study presents the species structure of macrofungi in different plant communities formed on fallows as a result of secondary succession. The mycological observations were carried out in 2012 and 2013 in the buffer zones of all landscape parks in the Łódzkie province, i.e. Bolimów LP, Spała LP, Sulejów LP, Warta-Widawka LP, Łódź Hills LP, Przedbórz LP and Załęcze LP. The botanical research identified fallows representing 7 types of plant communities. In total 46 macromycetes species were found on the fallows. The diversity of macrofungi depended on the type of plant community. The highest number of fungi species was found in the communities with an admixture of trees (Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula), while the lowest was collected on fallows almost completely covered by Cirsium arvense and Solidago canadensis. Considering the trophic classification of macrofungi found on fallows, most species were saprotrophic and mycorrhizal. Wood inhabiting saprotrophs were represented by only two speciesPrzemiany użytkowania ziemi w ostatnich 20 latach przyczyniły się do powstania w naszym kraju znacznych powierzchni odłogów, które stwarzają nowe siedliska dla rozwoju spontanicznej roślinności i grzybów. Dotychczasowe dane o grzybach wielkoowocnikowych gruntów porolnych są znikome. W prezentowanej pracy przedstawiono wyniki dwuletnich obserwacji macromycetes na powierzchniach odłogów, usytułowanych w strefach otaczających wszystkie parki krajobrazowe w woj. łódzkim. Obserwacje te pozwoliły na wyodrębnienie 7 typów zbiorowisk roślinnych powstałych na odłogach oraz zanotowanie na nich 46 gatunków macromycetes. Roślinność obserwowanych odłogów wykazywała znaczne różnice strukturalne. Były tu pionierskie powierzchnie porośnięte jedynie porostami z rodzaju Cladonia, inicjalne stadia muraw, z dominacją traw (np. Agrostis capilllaris, Festuca ovina) oraz powierzchnie o znacznej liczbie gatunków roślin zielnych, zarówno łąkowych, jak i leśnych. Odrębną grupę stanowiły powierzchnie porośnięte w przeważającej części gatunkami inwazyjnymi obcego pochodzenia, głównie Solidago canadensis i Padus serotina. Funga obserwowanych powierzchni wykazywała zróżnicowanie związane z typem roślinności. Najuboższe w grzyby okazały się powierzchnie inicjalnych muraw z chrobotkami lub roślinnością trawiastą oraz powierzchnie z dominacją Solidago canadensis. Występowały tu nieliczne owocniki gatunków z rodzaju Bovista, Lycoperdon, Calvatia. Natomiast najbogatsze w gatunki grzybów były powierzchnie porośnięte drzewami, głównie sosnami, gdzie zanotowano gatunki grzybów mykoryzowych z rodzajów: Amanita, Boletus, Inocybe, Laccaria, Suillus, Xerocomus. Na odłogach z dużym pokryciem mszakami, obserwowano grzyby wykorzystujące mchy, np. Rickenella fibula i Arrhenia lobata. Dotychczasowe badania macromycetes na odłogach woj. łódzkiego dostarczają jedynie wstępnej wiedzy o różnorodności gatunkowej grzybów na tego typu siedliskach. Wydaje się celowe prowadzenia dalszych badań na tych samych powierzchniach i obserwowanie zmian, jakie będą zachodzić w strukturze macromycetes wraz z postępującą na odłogach sukcesją

Seed-borne mycoflora of local and improved wheat (Triticum sativum L.) cultivars in Kano, Nigeria

Three varieties each of local and improved wheat (Triticum sativum) cultivars were investigated for seed-borne pathogenic mycoflora using the plate technique and laid on completely randomized design. A total 99 fungal isolate grouped into five fungal species namely; Rhizopus nigricans, Mucor spp, Penillium jenseni, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium moloniformes were isolated with Rhizopus nigricans, and Fusarium moloniformes (30.30 % and 35.40%, respectively) being the most frequently occurring fungal species and Penillium jenseni (7.0 %) being the least abundant. Results of the studyhave also indicated that local wheat cultivars were more contaminated than the improved varieties. It is therefore apparent that both improved and local wheat varieties are contaminated by fungal mycoflora.Keywords; wheat, seed-borne fungi, plate techniqu