24,677 research outputs found
Reconstructing the calibrated strain signal in the Advanced LIGO detectors
Advanced LIGO's raw detector output needs to be calibrated to compute
dimensionless strain h(t). Calibrated strain data is produced in the time
domain using both a low-latency, online procedure and a high-latency, offline
procedure. The low-latency h(t) data stream is produced in two stages, the
first of which is performed on the same computers that operate the detector's
feedback control system. This stage, referred to as the front-end calibration,
uses infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering and performs all operations at a
16384 Hz digital sampling rate. Due to several limitations, this procedure
currently introduces certain systematic errors in the calibrated strain data,
motivating the second stage of the low-latency procedure, known as the
low-latency gstlal calibration pipeline. The gstlal calibration pipeline uses
finite impulse response (FIR) filtering to apply corrections to the output of
the front-end calibration. It applies time-dependent correction factors to the
sensing and actuation components of the calibrated strain to reduce systematic
errors. The gstlal calibration pipeline is also used in high latency to
recalibrate the data, which is necessary due mainly to online dropouts in the
calibrated data and identified improvements to the calibration models or
filters.Comment: 20 pages including appendices and bibliography. 11 Figures. 3 Table
Measurements and a model for convective velocities in the turbulent boundary layer
A physical model is presented which describes convective velocities within a flat plate turbulent boundary layer. A production zone concept is used as a basis for the physical model. The production zone concept employs the idea that packets of turbulent fluid are generated near the viscous sublayer. These packets are found to be discernible from the mean motion and may move either outward from the production zone or inward depending on their circulation relative to the fluid surrounding the packet. The packets are predicted to travel with a convective velocity different from the local mean velocity throughout most of the boundary layer. The model also predicts that the convective velocities will be functions of wave number outside the production zone
Sub-Nyquist Channel Estimation over IEEE 802.11ad Link
Nowadays, millimeter-wave communication centered at the 60 GHz radio
frequency band is increasingly the preferred technology for near-field
communication since it provides transmission bandwidth that is several GHz
wide. The IEEE 802.11ad standard has been developed for commercial wireless
local area networks in the 60 GHz transmission environment. Receivers designed
to process IEEE 802.11ad waveforms employ very high rate analog-to-digital
converters, and therefore, reducing the receiver sampling rate can be useful.
In this work, we study the problem of low-rate channel estimation over the IEEE
802.11ad 60 GHz communication link by harnessing sparsity in the channel
impulse response. In particular, we focus on single carrier modulation and
exploit the special structure of the 802.11ad waveform embedded in the channel
estimation field of its single carrier physical layer frame. We examine various
sub-Nyquist sampling methods for this problem and recover the channel using
compressed sensing techniques. Our numerical experiments show feasibility of
our procedures up to one-seventh of the Nyquist rates with minimal performance
deterioration.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, SampTA 2017 conferenc
Transport delay compensation for computer-generated imagery systems
In the problem of pure transport delay in a low-pass system, a trade-off exists with respect to performance within and beyond a frequency bandwidth. When activity beyond the band is attenuated because of other considerations, this trade-off may be used to improve the performance within the band. Specifically, transport delay in computer-generated imagery systems is reduced to a manageable problem by recognizing frequency limits in vehicle activity and manual-control capacity. Based on these limits, a compensation algorithm has been developed for use in aircraft simulation at NASA Ames Research Center. For direct measurement of transport delays, a beam-splitter experiment is presented that accounts for the complete flight simulation environment. Values determined by this experiment are appropriate for use in the compensation algorithm. The algorithm extends the bandwidth of high-frequency flight simulation to well beyond that of normal pilot inputs. Within this bandwidth, the visual scene presentation manifests negligible gain distortion and phase lag. After a year of utilization, two minor exceptions to universal simulation applicability have been identified and subsequently resolved
Super-resolution in map-making based on a physical instrument model and regularized inversion. Application to SPIRE/Herschel
We investigate super-resolution methods for image reconstruction from data
provided by a family of scanning instruments like the Herschel observatory. To
do this, we constructed a model of the instrument that faithfully reflects the
physical reality, accurately taking the acquisition process into account to
explain the data in a reliable manner. The inversion, ie the image
reconstruction process, is based on a linear approach resulting from a
quadratic regularized criterion and numerical optimization tools. The
application concerns the reconstruction of maps for the SPIRE instrument of the
Herschel observatory. The numerical evaluation uses simulated and real data to
compare the standard tool (coaddition) and the proposed method. The inversion
approach is capable to restore spatial frequencies over a bandwidth four times
that possible with coaddition and thus to correctly show details invisible on
standard maps. The approach is also applied to real data with significant
improvement in spatial resolution.Comment: Astronomy & Astrophysic
Development and application of a non-Gaussian atmospheric turbulence model for use in flight simulators
A method is described for generating time histories which model the frequency content and certain non-Gaussian probability characteristics of atmospheric turbulence including the large gusts and patchy nature of turbulence. Methods for time histories using either analog or digital computation are described. A STOL airplane was programmed into a 6-degree-of-freedom flight simulator, and turbulence time histories from several atmospheric turbulence models were introduced. The pilots' reactions are described
Study to investigate and evaluate means of optimizing the Ku-band combined radar/communication functions for the space shuttle
The Ku band radar system on the shuttle orbiter operates in both a search and a tracking mode, and its transmitter and antennas share time with the communication mode in the integrated system. The power allocation properties and the Costa subloop subcarrier tracking performance associated with the baseline digital phase shift implementation of the three channel orbiter Ku band modulator are discussed
Onset of synchronization in networks of second-order Kuramoto oscillators with delayed coupling: Exact results and application to phase-locked loops
We consider the inertial Kuramoto model of globally coupled oscillators
characterized by both their phase and angular velocity, in which there is a
time delay in the interaction between the oscillators. Besides the academic
interest, we show that the model can be related to a network of phase-locked
loops widely used in electronic circuits for generating a stable frequency at
multiples of an input frequency. We study the model for a generic choice of the
natural frequency distribution of the oscillators, to elucidate how a
synchronized phase bifurcates from an incoherent phase as the coupling constant
between the oscillators is tuned. We show that in contrast to the case with no
delay, here the system in the stationary state may exhibit either a subcritical
or a supercritical bifurcation between a synchronized and an incoherent phase,
which is dictated by the value of the delay present in the interaction and the
precise value of inertia of the oscillators. Our theoretical analysis,
performed in the limit , is based on an unstable manifold
expansion in the vicinity of the bifurcation, which we apply to the kinetic
equation satisfied by the single-oscillator distribution function. We check our
results by performing direct numerical integration of the dynamics for large
, and highlight the subtleties arising from having a finite number of
oscillators.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures; v2: 16 pages, 5 figures, published versio
The reconfigurable Josephson circulator/directional amplifier
Circulators and directional amplifiers are crucial non-reciprocal signal
routing and processing components involved in microwave readout chains for a
variety of applications. They are particularly important in the field of
superconducting quantum information, where the devices also need to have
minimal photon losses to preserve the quantum coherence of signals.
Conventional commercial implementations of each device suffer from losses and
are built from very different physical principles, which has led to separate
strategies for the construction of their quantum-limited versions. However, as
recently proposed theoretically, by establishing simultaneous pairwise
conversion and/or gain processes between three modes of a Josephson-junction
based superconducting microwave circuit, it is possible to endow the circuit
with the functions of either a phase-preserving directional amplifier or a
circulator. Here, we experimentally demonstrate these two modes of operation of
the same circuit. Furthermore, in the directional amplifier mode, we show that
the noise performance is comparable to standard non-directional superconducting
amplifiers, while in the circulator mode, we show that the sense of circulation
is fully reversible. Our device is far simpler in both modes of operation than
previous proposals and implementations, requiring only three microwave pumps.
It offers the advantage of flexibility, as it can dynamically switch between
modes of operation as its pump conditions are changed. Moreover, by
demonstrating that a single three-wave process yields non-reciprocal devices
with reconfigurable functions, our work breaks the ground for the development
of future, more-complex directional circuits, and has excellent prospects for
on-chip integration
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