Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Logam Berat Cd, Cu, Dan Pb Dengan Menggunakan Endomikoriza

The objective of this research was to study the influence of endomycorrhizae on bioremediationheavy metals of Cd, Cu, and Pb. The research was conducted from April 2012 until February 2013used non factorial randomized block design with 5 replications and 5 treatments. Applications ofheavy metals treatments are: Control (non-application of endomycorrhizae and heavy metals), L0(application of endomycorrhizae and non-application of heavy metals), L1 (application ofendomycorrhizae and heavy metals Cd 1,5 ppm, Cu 20 ppm, and Pb 60 ppm), L2 (application ofendomycorrhizae and heavy metals Cd 2,25 ppm, Cu 25 ppm, and Pb 200 ppm), and L3 (applicationof endomycorrhizae and heavy metals Cd 3 ppm, Cu 30 ppm, and Pb 340 ppm). Heavy metals wereapplied 3 weeks before planted and endomycorrhizae was applied when planting. The plants keptuntil vegatative phase in the screen house.The result of this research showed that the application of endomycorrhizae decreased Cu and Pbavailablity in soil. In the plants, application of mycorrhizae decreased Pb uptake. Applications ofendomycorrhizae and heavy metals increasing mycorrhizae infection rates, but has no effect toheavy metals uptake, shoot dry weights, root dry weights, and pH H2O soil. Heavy metalsavailability in soil only significant to Pb availability after heavy metals applications

Coffee Plants' Endomycorrhizae Potential to increase the growth and nutrient uptake of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) under Field Condition

Inorganic fertilizers utilization is the most common way to increase plant productivity. However, the intensive use of organic fertilizer can harm the environment. Therefore, alternative fertilization by utilizing soil microorganisms to provide plant nutrients is needed. Endomycorrhizae is known as a microorganism that can increase the availability of nutrients and plant growth. This study aimed to determine the potential of endomycorrhizae to increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings under field conditions. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 replications was used with four treatments, i.e., (P0) control: without endomycorrhizae and fertilizer, (P1) inorganic fertilizer: NPK recommended dose for seedlings nine months after sowing (N 184 kg/ha, P2O5 72 kg/ha, and K2O 120 kg/ha from 400kg/ha urea, 200 kg/ha SP-36, and 200 kg/ha KCl, respectively), (P2) endomycorrhizae: 1:1 (w/w basis) endomycorrhizal inoculum-planting medium, and (P3) endomycorrhizae + organic fertilizer: 1:1 (w/w basis) endomycorrhizal inoculum-planting medium with the addition of chicken manure at a dose of 10 tons/ha. The results showed that endomycorrhizae could increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings by increasing plant height, plant dry weight, and plant N, P, and K uptake by 15.4%, 23.3%, 52.5%, 90.8%, and 75.6%, respectively compared to the control with 67,5% of root colonization at 16 weeks after transplanting (WAT). In conclusion, endomycorrhizae can potentially increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings under field conditions

Mycorrhizae and Establishment of Trees on Strip-Mined Land

Author Institution: USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forestry Sciences LaboratoryMARX, DONALD H. Mycorrhizae and establishment of trees on strip-mined land. Ohio J. Sci. 75(6): 288, 1975

Endomycorrhizal colonization of yellow-poplar seedlings

Objectives were to determine (1) whether two species of endomycorrhizae exhibited similar degrees of colonization in nursery grown yellow-poplar seedlings, (2) whether all seedlings within treated flats were equally colonized, and (3) whether the two fungi acted synergistically when present in combination. Sterilized growth medium was infested with spores and hyphae of Glomus mosseae, Glomus fasciculatus, or G. mosseae + G. fasciculatus. Approximately 150 yellow-poplar seeds from each of five seed sources were sown in each treated and control flat. After 12 weeks, five seedlings from each seed source were harvested and processed for microscopic observation. Fifty microscopic fields (3mm2) from each root were analyzed for the presence of intracellular hyphal coils, vesicles and arbuscules. None were found in the control. Fungal structures were observed in seedling roots in all treatments. However, coloniza-tion was considerably greater with G. mosseae as the only symbiont. Colonization was less extensive when G. mosseae was mixed with G. fasciculatus. The degree of colonization within roots from the same treat-ment varied from 0 - 64%

Variation in soil communities across a heterogeneous habitat

Abstract only availableEnvironmental variation can impact the distribution of species in ecological communities. In alpine communities willows (Salix sp.) significantly affect the conditions experienced by soil biota in understory verses open meadow habitats. This study describes the distribution of collembola (springtails) and mycorrhizal fungi across the alpine willow-meadow ecotone. We surveyed the abundance of collembola and mycorrhizae in open meadow and willow understory habitats. We conducted the survey at three altitudinal sites on Pennsylvania Mountain (Park County, Colorado, USA) in June and July of 2008. We evaluated the abundance of ectomycorrhizae, endomycorrhizae, and collembola living in the leaf litter and soil. The distribution of these organisms differed between habitats. Overall, endomycorrhizae were more abundant in the open meadow, whereas ectomycorrhizae and collembola were more abundant in the willow understory. Within the collembola community most species were equally distributed between habitats. However, Folsomia candida was more abundant in the willow understory. We also found evidence that collembola may affect mycorrhizal colonization. In particular, the abundance of ectomycorrhizae and collembola was positively correlated in the open meadow, but not in the willow understory. To clarify whether leaf litter contributed to the distribution of these organisms we compared leaf litter biomass to collembola and mycorrhizal abundance. In the willow understory there was a negative relationship between the abundance of endomycorrhizae and leaf litter biomass. There were no correlations between the amount of leaf litter and the abundance of ectomycorrhizae or collembola. These results suggest that leaf litter can affect the soil community; however, other factors are also likely important. Future research should consider other effects of willows, such as shading and temperature, on the soil community.NSF Undergraduate Mentoring in Environmental Biolog

Role of Biofertilizers in Plant Growth and Soil Health

Biofertilizers nowadays have been realised for shifting fortunes in agriculture. It has been proven successful technology in many developed countries while in developing countries exploitation of bioinoculants is hampered by several factors. Scientific knowledge on bioinoculants and its usage will pave way for its effective usage. At the same time overlooking the significance of ensuring and maintaining a high quality standard of the product will have negative impact. Hence a proper knowledge of bioinoculants and its functioning will pave way to tape the resources in a better way. Thus the chapter provide overview knowledge about different bacterial, fungal and algal biofertilizers, its associations with plants and transformations of nutrients in soil. Adopting a rational approach to the use and management of microbial fertilizers in sustainable agriculture thrive vast potential for the future