One-step fast synthesis of nanoparticles for MRI: coating chemistry as the key variable determining positive or negative contrast

Iron oxide nanomaterial is a typical example of a magnetic resonance imaging probe for negative contrast. It has also been shown how this nanomaterial can be synthesized for positive contrast by modification of the composition and size of the core. However, the role of the organic coating in the relaxometric properties is largely unexplored. Here, maghemite nanoparticles with either excellent positive or very good negative contrast performance are obtained by modifying coating thickness while the core is kept unchanged. Different nanoparticles with tailored features as contrast agent according to the coating layer thickness have been obtained in a single-step microwave-driven synthesis by heating at different temperatures. A comprehensive analysis is conducted of how the composition and structure of the coating affects the final magnetic, relaxometric, and imaging performance. These results show how the organic coating plays a fundamental role in the intrinsic relaxometric parameters of iron oxide-based contrast media.This study was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness (MEyC) (grant nos. MAT2013-47303-P, MAT2014-52069-R, SAF2016-79593-P). L.G. received financial support from the Ramón y Cajal subprogram (RYC-2014-15512). The CNIC is supported by the MEyC and the Pro-CNIC Foundation and is a SO-Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505)