Occurrence and Estimated Dietary Intake of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in Functional Foods Enriched with Omega-3 from Spain

The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00785. Chromatographic segments, retention times, multiplereaction monitoring (MRM) transitions, and collisioninduced dissociation (CID) voltages selected for all native non-dl-PCBs in GC−QqQ(MS/MS) (Table S.1) and analytical parameters for the GC−QqQ(MS/MS) method for selected non-dl-PCBs (Table S.2) (PDF)The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) contents of six functional foods enriched with omega-3 were characterized. All the samples analyzed showed concentration levels below the maximal levels established by Regulation EC 1259/201120. PCB concentrations were higher than those of PCDD/Fs; oil supplements were the most contaminated samples [1.8 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lipid weight (lw)] followed by chicken eggs (1.3 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), cow's milk (0.23 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), biscuits (0.15 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), soy milks (0.11 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw), and soy lecithin (0.049 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of lw). The most abundant non-dl-PCBs were PCBs 52 and 101 in cow's milk, soy products, and biscuits, while in chicken eggs and oil supplements, they were PCBs 153 and 138. PCBs 118 and 105 were the most frequent dl-PCBs in all samples. Only oil supplements presented quantifiable concentrations for almost all PCDD/Fs, OCDD and OCDF being the most abundant. The estimated daily intake was 2.7 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for chicken eggs, 0.91 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for cow's milk, 0.45 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for soy milks, and 0.44 pg of WHO-TEQ/day for biscuits. For oil supplements, it was more variable, but always higher.Financial support was obtained from MICINN (Projects AGL2009-09733 and AGL2012-37201) and the Community of Madrid (Spain), and European funding was from the FEDER program (Projects S2009/AGR-1464-ANALISYC-II and S2013/ABI-3028-AVANSECAL). A.G.-B. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for his Ph.D. grant.Peer Reviewe