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    Trilateral retinoblastoma. Correlation between the genetic anomalies of the RB1 gene and the presence of pineal gland cysts

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    et al.[ES]: [Objetivo]: Identificar la correlaci贸n entre la presencia de alteraciones gen茅ticas identificadas en el gen RB1 y el desarrollo de retinoblastoma trilateral. [M茅todo]: De un total de 206 pacientes con retinoblastoma, no se identificaron pacientes con tumor neuroectod茅rmico primario (PNET), pero s铆 17 casos de quistes pineales, 11 de los cuales ten铆an estudio gen茅tico. [Resultados]: De los 11 pacientes a los que se les practic贸 estudio gen茅tico, en 8 casos se identific贸 la alteraci贸n en la l铆nea germinal, lo que equivale al 100% de los retinoblastomas bilaterales y al 25% de los unilaterales. Es m谩s frecuente encontrar mutaci贸n germinal en los pacientes con enfermedad bilateral (p = 0,024). No hay diferencias significativas en el tipo de alteraci贸n identificada, aunque el tipo nonsense-frameshift es el m谩s frecuente en los casos con afectaci贸n bilateral. La identificaci贸n de la alteraci贸n gen茅tica es m谩s frecuente en los pacientes que presentan quistes pineales (T Fisher p = 0,490). Nueve de los 17 pacientes recibieron quimioterapia sist茅mica (52,29% de los casos), lo que podr铆a abortar el desarrollo de PNET. Aunque en todos los par谩metros citados se observa cierta tendencia. Hay asociaci贸n entre la presencia de quistes pineales y enfermedad bilateral (Chi cuadrado de Pearson p = 0,191):, antecedentes familiares conocidos (T Fisher p = 0,114) y edad de diagn贸stico precoz (T Fisher p = 0,114). No hay diferencias significativas en el tipo de mutaci贸n identificada. [Conclusiones]: Considerando los quistes pineales como una forma premaligna del pinealoblastoma, encontramos una asociaci贸n con la mutaci贸n de la l铆nea germinal del gen RB1, tanto en casos con retinoblastoma unilateral como bilateral.[EN]: [Objective]: To determine the correlation between the presence of genetic anomalies identified in the RB1 gene and the development of trilateral retinoblastoma. [Method]: No patients with primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) were identified out of a total of 206 patients, but there were 17 cases of pineal cysts, of which 11 had a genetic study. [Results]: Of the 11 patients who had a genetic study performed, the anomaly in the germinal line was identified in 8 cases, which was equivalent to 100% of the bilateral retinoblastomas, and 25% of the unilateral ones. It is more common to find a germinal mutation in patients with bilateral disease (p = 0.024). There are no significant differences in the type of anomaly identified, although the nonsense-frameshift type is more frequent in cases with bilateral involvement. Identification of the genetic anomaly is more frequent in patients who have pineal cysts (Fisher test; p = 0.490). Nine of the 17 patients received systemic chemotherapy (52.29% of the cases), which could be able to prevent the development of PNET. Although a certain trend was observed in all the mentioned parameters, there was a relationship between the presence of pineal cysts and bilateral disease (Pearson Chi 2: p = 0.191), a known family history (Fisher test; p = 0.114) and age of early diagnosis (Fisher test; p = 0.114). There were no significant differences in the mutation type identified. [Conclusions]: Considering pineal cysts as a pre-malignant form of pinealoblastoma, we found a relationship between the germinal line mutation of the RB1 gene and the cases with bilateral or unilateral retinoblastoma.Peer Reviewe
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