Characterization of intermediate products of solar photocatalytic degradation of ranitidine at pilot-scale

In the present study the mechanisms of solar photodegradation of H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine (RNTD) were studied in a well-defined system of a pilot plant scale Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC) reactor. Two types of heterogeneous photocatalytic experiments were performed: catalysed by titanium-dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor and by Fenton reagent (Fe2+/H2O2), each one with distilled water and synthetic wastewater effluent matrix. Complete disappearance of the parent compounds and discreet mineralization were attained in all experiments. Furthermore, kinetic parameters, main intermediate products, release of heteroatoms and formation of carboxylic acids are discussed. The main intermediate products of photocatalytic degradation of RNTD have been structurally elucidated by tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) experiments performed at quadrupole-time of flight (QqToF) mass analyzer coupled to ultra-performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC). RNTD displayed high reactivity towards OH radicals, although a product of conduction band electrons reduction was also present in the experiment with TiO2. In the absence of standards, quantification of intermediates was not possible and only qualitative profiles of their evolution could be determined. The proposed TiO2 and photo-Fenton degradation routes of RNTD are reported for the first time.The study was financially supported by the EU Project INNOVA MED (INCO-CT-2006-517728) and the MICINN (Spain) “Programa de Acceso y Mejora de Grandes Instalaciones Científicas Españolas” (Plataforma Solar de Almería, GIC-05-17). Jelena Radjenovic gratefully acknowledges the JAE Program (Junta para la Ampliación de los Estudios), co-financed by CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) and European Social Funds. Carla Sirtori wish to thank the CAPES foundation-Ministry of Education of Brazil for the Ph.D. Research Grant (BEX Processo: 3763-05-6).Peer reviewe