2 research outputs found
LC-QqLIT MS analysis of nine sulfonamides and one of their acetylated metabolites in the Llobregat River basin. Quantitative determination and qualitative evaluation by IDA experiments
Robust instrumental analytical chemistry and the
subsequent development of improved analytical methodologies
and extraction procedures have enabled the detection
at environmental levels of new emerging contaminants, for
example pharmaceuticals. The objective of this study was
to explore the potential of liquid chromatography–tandem
quadrupole-linear ion trap (LC–QqLIT MS) for quantitative
determination of nine sulfonamides (SAs) and one acetylated
metabolite in surface water from the Llobregat River
and one of its main tributaries, the Anoia River, in
Catalonia (Spain). A total of 21 samples were taken in
three sampling campaigns. Recoveries ranging from 26% to
123% were calculated for the SAs studied, and method
limits of detection (MLODs) achieved were in the range
0.05–0.2 ng L−1. Through the different campaigns, concentrations
ranged from 0.74 ng L−1 (sulfamethizole) to
2,482 ng L−1 (sulfamethazine) in the Llobregat River, and
from 0.27 ng L−1 (sulfamethizole) to 168 ng L−1
(sulfamethoxazole) in the Anoia River. Sulfamethoxazole
and sulfapyridine were the two SAs most frequently detected
(80% and 71% respectively). N4-acetylsulfamethazine was detected in both rivers, but with different frequencies (4% of
the samples from the Anoia River and 43% of those from the
Llobregat River). Information-dependent acquisition (IDA)
experiments were also developed in order to obtain enhanced
product-ion spectra in surface water samples.This work was funded by the EU through
Project Nomiracle (Contract 003956-2) and the integrated Project
Modelkey (Contract 511237-GOCE), and by the Spanish Ministry of
Science and Innovation through the project Cemagua (CGL2007-
64551/HID). Waters is acknowledged for the gifts of SPE cartridges
and HPLC columns. MarÃa Jesús GarcÃa acknowledges AGAUR
(Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain) for economic support through an FI
pre-doctoral grant. M. SilvÃa DÃaz acknowledges her Ramón y Cajal
contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. We
would like to thank Asunción Navarro for her assistance and help
through the sampling campaigns.Peer reviewe