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    Incorporation of counter ions in organic molecules: new strategy in developing dopant-free hole transport materials for efficient mixed-ion perovskite solar cells

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    et al.Hole transport matertial (HTM) as charge selective layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) plays an important role in achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE). It is known that the dopants and additives are necessary in the HTM in order to improve the hole conductivity of the HTM as well as to obtain high efficiency in PSCs, but the additives can potentially induce device instability and poor device reproducibility. In this work a new strategy to design dopant-free HTMs has been presented by modifying the HTM to include charged moieties which are accompanied with counter ions. The device based on this ionic HTM X44 dos not need any additional doping and the device shows an impressive PCE of 16.2%. Detailed characterization suggests that the incorporated counter ions in X44 can significantly affect the hole conductivity and the homogeneity of the formed HTM thin film. The superior photovoltaic performance for X44 is attributed to both efficient hole transport and effective interfacial hole transfer in the solar cell device. This work provides important insights as regards the future design of new and efficient dopant free HTMs for photovotaics or other optoelectronic applications.Financial assistance was provided by the Swedish Energy Agency, 脜Forsk, the Swedish Research Council (VR), and Swedish Research Council FORMAS. ICN2 acknowledges the support of the Spanish MINECO through the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program under Grant SEV-2013-0295, the CONSOLIDER Excellence Network MAT2015-68994-REDC, and the grant ENE2013-48816-C5-4-R. Thank the Ag猫ncia de Gesti贸 d鈥橝juts Universitaris i de Recerca for the support to consolidated Catalonia research groups 2014SGR 1212. This work was carried out under the Materials Science PhD Degree for A.M. of the Universitat Aut貌noma de Barcelona. The authors also thank COST Action StableNextSol project MP1307 for the STSM awarded to J.Z.Peer Reviewe

    Incorporation of Counter Ions in Organic Molecules: New Strategy in Developing Dopant-Free Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Mixed-Ion Perovskite Solar Cells

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    Hole transport matertial (HTM) as charge selective layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) plays an important role in achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE). It is known that the dopants and additives are necessary in the HTM in order to improve the hole conductivity of the HTM as well as to obtain high efficiency in PSCs, but the additives can potentially induce device instability and poor device reproducibility. In this work a new strategy to design dopant-free HTMs has been presented by modifying the HTM to include charged moieties which are accompanied with counter ions. The device based on this ionic HTM X44 dos not need any additional doping and the device shows an impressive PCE of 16.2%. Detailed characterization suggests that the incorporated counter ions in X44 can significantly affect the hole conductivity and the homogeneity of the formed HTM thin film. The superior photovoltaic performance for X44 is attributed to both efficient hole transport and effective interfacial hole transfer in the solar cell device. This work provides important insights as regards the future design of new and efficient dopant free HTMs for photovotaics or other optoelectronic applications
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