Home-Made Organizing: CWA\u27s Strategy in the South Relies on the Folks Who Live There

[Excerpt] The CWA\u27s got some down-home organizing cooking down South. Unlike other organizing in the South where the workforce is either predominantly black or white, CWA\u27s targeted workforce in the public sector is composed of black and white workers. The CWA is not new in the South: there are 160,000 CWA members in the region — nearly one quarter of the union\u27s entire membership — 80% of whom are based in the private sector. How do you organize a local composed of black and white workers in the South? LRR Editor Lisa Oppenheim turned to Marilyn Haith, organizer for CWA\u27s District 3 which is composed of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Kentucky, Florida, and Louisiana

Improving driver behaviour by design: a cognitive work analysis methodology

Within the European Community both the environmental and safety costs of road transport are unacceptably high. ‘Foot-LITE’ is a UK project which aims to encourage drivers to adopt ‘greener’ and safer driving practices, with real-time and retrospective feedback being given both in-vehicle and off-line. This paper describes the early concept development of Foot-LITE, for which a Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) was conducted. In this paper, we present the results of the first phase of CWA – the Work Domain Analysis, as well as some concept interface designs based on the WDA to illustrate its application. In summary, the CWA establishes a common framework for the project, and will ultimately contribute to the design of the in-vehicle interfac

The Effect of the United States Supreme Court\u27s Eleventh Amendment Jurisprudence on Clean Water Act Citizen Suits: Muddied Waters

This Article focuses on the impact of the Court\u27s Eleventh Amendment jurisprudence on citizen suits authorized under the Clean Water Act (CWA), because that law\u27s cooperative federalism structure is typical of many other environmental laws, and because citizen suits have historically played a critical role in its implementation. The CWA\u27s citizen suit provision (section 505), which specifically incorporates the Eleventh Amendment, has brought on citizen suits the full force and effect of the Court\u27s current state sovereign immunity jurisprudence. The prevailing wisdom is that the Court\u27s state sovereign immunity jurisprudence will not bar CWA citizen suits brought to enforce federal mandates against states in federal court. For the reasons set out in this Article, I am not sure I agree. The structure of the Article is straightforward. The Article briefly discusses the importance of private enforcement of the CWA, the law\u27s structure, and the specific language of section 505. It then summarizes the arguments favoring centralization of regulatory authority in the federal government and shows how arguments favored by devolutionists-those who argue for decentralization of federal regulatory authority to the states-appear to be prevailing to the detriment of strong environmental enforcement. The Article then turns to the key cases that comprise the Court\u27s current view of the Eleventh Amendment. An examination of this case law reveals the compatibility between the themes the devolutionists propound and those the Court articulates in support of its decisions. The Article applies this decentrist jurisprudence, as interpreted by the lower courts, to the CWA to see to what extent it might constrain citizen suits against states, and concludes that it might well limit them. Finally, the Article shows how various suggested ways around the Eleventh Amendment, such as finding an alternative theory for congressional abrogation or grounds for states to waive their immunity, relying on the federal sovereign to prosecute CWA violations against states, or relying on the state courts to vindicate these rights, are wanting in some respect, and thus are poor substitutes for citizen suits. Since the Court has taken upon itself to reinvent the Eleventh Amendment, only the Court can restore the proper balance between the federal government and the states. One can only hope that it will choose to do this before it succeeds in undermining the effectiveness of some very important federal environmental laws

The Current Controversy Regarding TMDLs: Contemporary Perspectives TMDLs and Pollutant Trading

The article first summarizes CWA requirements relevant to TMDLs and outlines elements of an effective trading program. It then examines the program recently established by the State of Connecticut to allow trading of nitrogen credits among sewage treatment plants on Long Island Sound to achieve an established TMDL, and the CWA issues presented. Finally, it gives a brief comparison to the program being designed for the Chesapeake Bay, for which no TMDL has been established. Current brief descriptive summaries of several often cited programs are appended

Improving driver behaviour by design : a cognitive work analysis methodology

Within the European Community both the environmental and safety costs of road transport are unacceptably high. ‘Foot-LITE’ is a UK project which aims to encourage drivers to adopt ‘greener’ and safer driving practices, with real-time and retrospective feedback being given both in-vehicle and off-line. This paper describes the early concept development of Foot-LITE, for which a Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) was conducted. In this paper, we present the results of the first phase of CWA – the Work Domain Analysis, as well as some concept interface designs based on the WDA to illustrate its application. In summary, the CWA establishes a common framework for the project, and will ultimately contribute to the design of the in-vehicle interface

Statutory Interpretation in the Era of OIRA

The Article is a case study regarding a rule governing cooling water towers for power plants promulgated pursuant to the Clean Water Act ( CWA ). It analyzes the history of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs ( OIRA ) within the Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ), and its influence in compelling the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) to conduct cost-benefit analysis of all regulations. It argues that the EPA should not receive Chevron deference since it has acted illegally by interpreting the CWA not as a technology-based environmental law, but instead as a cost-benefit law

The G20 Compact with Africa - The Audicity of Hope

The verdict on the Compact with Africa (CwA) in its third year is that private cross-border equity flows have not material­ised and neither have domestic resources been mobilised. The African countries are not to blame, as their governance scores have improved. Currently, it seems that the CwA is primarily owned by civil servants from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Moreover, neither the private corporate sector nor institutional inves­tors seem to have fully bought into the CwA. The CwA fails to stimulate inclusive growth. The weak­esses of the CwA approach illustrate the need for a new agenda for development cooperation

Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring in Kings River and Leatherwood Creek

The Clean Water Act (CWA) establishes the basic structure used to regulate water quality. Under the CWA, States are required to assess water bodies relative to water‐quality standards and designated beneficial uses and then to submit lists of impaired bodies every other year to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In 2015, at least 4,800 water bodies were listed as impaired by dissolved oxygen across the US (USEPA, 2015). Aquatic species like fish and macroinvertebrates depend on adequate dissolved oxygen for survival. Low dissolved oxygen can lead to fish kills, reduced aquatic diversity, and nuisance smells from anaerobic conditions – ultimately, low dissolved oxygen concentrations result in water bodies not being able to meet the aquatic life designated use

Analysis and Design NIS Features for Obstetrics and Neonatology using Methods CWA

Diplomová práce se zabývá analýzou kognitivní činnosti (CWA). Jde o framework, což je soubor nástrojů pro analýzu pomocí metody CWA. Důležité dělení CWA je na pět základních částí, což jsou analýza domény práce, řídící úkoly, analýza strategií, sociální role a pracovní kompetence. Jednotlivé části jsou společně propojeny a na tyto principy je aplikována analýza informačního systému pro oblast porodnictví a neonatologie. Před vytvořením analýzy proběhly pohovory s lékaři a zdravotními sestrami o jejich pracovních postupech, náplni práce a pracovních kompetencích. Na základě těchto zjištění, byla udělána analýza, která je aplikována na pět základních principů CWA. Po vytvoření analýzy byly vytvořeny okna aplikace, které popisují jednotlivé postupy práce uživatelů. Na konci je shrnutí a vyhodnocení metody CWA a její přínos v oblasti analýzy pro porodnictví a neonatologii.The thesis deals with the analysis of cognitive activity (CWA). This is a framework that is a set of tools for CWA analysis. CWA can be divided into 5 basic parts, namely the analysis of the work domain, control tasks, strategies, social-oganizational and worker competencies Individual parts are connected together and on these principles is applied an analysis of the information system for obstetrics and neonatology. Before creating an analysis conducted interviews with doctors and nurses about their working procedures, job description and job competencies. Based on these findings, an analysis was carried out, which is applied to the five basic principles of CWA. After the analysis was created, application windows were made, which describe each user's workflow. At the end is a summary and evaluation of the CWA method and its contribution in the field of obstetrics and neonatology analysis.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívýborn