Colorectal Cancer Brochure Development for African Americans

Introduction: African Americans are more likely to die from colorectal cancer (CRC) than any other racial/ethnic group in the United States. Unfortunately, African Americans are also less likely to undergo screening for CRC than their White counterparts. Focus groups methodology was used to refine educational brochures designed to increase CRC screening among African Americans. Methods: Two series of focus groups were completed, with a total of seven groups and 39 participants. Six different brochures (stage-matched and culturally sensitive) designed to promote CRC screening among African Americans were evaluated. Results: All participants thought that the brochures motivated them to talk with their health care providers about screening. Cost, pain, medical mistrust and fear were identified as major barriers and the brochures were modified to address these concerns. Conclusions: Focus groups methodology with African Americans can be used to inform brochures designed to increase African Americans CRC screening that addresses their major concerns

Interpretive brochures

"June, 1981/2M

Evaluation of drug promotional brochures in a tertiary teaching hospital of Kannur, India

Background: Pharmaceutical industries worldwide are heavily involved in aggressive drug promotions. WHO has framed guidelines for ethical drug promotion in 1988. The transparency of pharmaceutical advertisements is important because decision of the physician is likely to be influenced by the claims made by the pharmaceutical companies in the promotional drug brochures and pharmaceutical industries treat their marketing material as “educational material” for doctors. Authors did this study to analyze the information given on drug promotional brochures by the drug companies using ethical criteria of drug promotion by WHO 1988 and to verify the authenticity of the claims given by the pharmaceutical companies in drug promotional brochures.Methods: Cross sectional study extending from 1/8/2012 to 31/7/2013. 612 drug promotional brochures satisfied our inclusion criteria. Drug brochures were analyzed with WHO ethical criteria 1988 and further categorizing the data into type of claims, number and source of references. Validity of journal articles were checked by using a validity measure developed by Cardarelli.Results: Total 612 brochures satisfied inclusion criteria. INN was mentioned in 93.8% of collected brochures. Brand name was mentioned in 100% brochures. Content of active ingredients was mentioned in 92% of brochures. Name of the other ingredients known to cause problem 28.4% of brochures. Dosage form or regimen was mentioned in 23.2% of brochures. Approved therapeutic use mentioned in 65.7% brochures. Side effects and major adverse drug reactions were mentioned in 31.4% brochures. Precautions and contraindications and warnings were mentioned in 30.4% drug promotional brochures. Drug interactions were mentioned in 26.5% brochures. Name and address was mentioned by 69.1% brochures. There were 1144 claims and 739 references. Efficacy claims were 84.88% of the total claims. Main source of reference was from journal articles (74.1%) and among them 49.65% were randomized control trials. Only 47.94 % of the journal references were valid.Conclusions: Brochures were lacking in vital information which included contraindication, warning, precaution, name of the other ingredients known to cause problem hence companies were found violating WHO ethical criteria. Claims were not well supported with references. Less than half of the given journal references were only valid. This study highlights the need of healthcare professionals to remain cautious about promotional material presented by pharmaceutical representatives

Medical Brochures Translated into English and Their Comparison with Source English and Spanish Medical Brochures

AbstractDespite the high number of publications concerning medical texts, there is a considerable gap in research regarding an important element: medical brochures (Mayor Serrano, 2003). These texts are more and more frequent in health centres to transmit specialised information to the general public (Busch Lauer 1995).Knowing the behaviour of a genre in two different languages is important for translation (García Izquierdo, 2002). Our work is based on a previous contrastive analysis about the genre of medical brochures both in English and in Spanish (Faya Ornia, 2015). Here we will observe if medical brochures translated into English in Spain comply with the features of Spanish brochures, or if a functionalist approach has been adopted and therefore suitable adaptations have been made according to the English source brochures.In order to carry out our analysis, we worked with three corpora: source medical brochures in English (collected in the UK), source medical brochures in Spanish (collected in Spain) and medical brochures translated into English and published in Spain. The analysis is based on Nord's functional model (2005), which has been completed with Kress and van Leeuwen's contributions (2006) regarding visual material.To conclude, we will mention the possible reasons that make Spanish brochures more shocking and varied than English ones, as well as address the fact that translated brochures are similar to the Spanish brochures in some aspects but similar to the English brochures in others

Tourism policy and destination marketing in developing countries: the chain of influence

Tourism marketers including destination marketing organisations (DMOs) and international tour operators play a pivotal role in destination marketing, especially in creating destination images. These images, apparent in tourist brochures, are designed to influence tourist decision-making and behaviour. This paper proposes the concept of a “chain of influence” in destination marketing and image-making, suggesting that the content of marketing materials is influenced by the priorities of those who design these materials, e.g. tour operators and DMOs. A content analysis of 2,000 pictures from DMO and tour operator brochures revealed synergies and divergence between these marketers. The brochure content was then compared to the South African tourism policy, concluding that the dominant factor in the chain of influence in the South African context is in fact its organic image

Tube welding and brazing

Brochures outline the tools, equipment, materials, and techniques used for joining tubes by automatic and semiautomatic welding and brazing. A few of the metals being joined are stainless steels of various diameters and thickness. Techniques have been developed for on-site or work-bench repair

“HOW DO THE BROCHURES SPEAK?” SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS ANALYSIS IN ONLINE PARENTING BROCHURES

Online brochures are one of the preferred choices in describing the advertisement’s worth of many linguistic features. ‘Parenting’ strategies are one of the topics which are discussed in the online brochures. We can find the quotes and problem-solving about ‘parenting’ spread in cyberspace. Online parenting brochures are made by a personal or community to share that importance. The clause in parenting brochures discourse has a semantic meaning of its speech function. The language of the brochures was examined by using Halliday’s theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), then it was found that the language in the brochures was formulated interpersonally. The meanings of the clause are developed in any interactive features in exchanging the giving and demanding move of speech function. This research was conducted qualitatively by analyzing 48 clauses in the brochures. It was found that the most commonly used linguistic clause in the brochures was the statement (71%) as a way of giving information to the readers. Then the rest was the command (29%) for the parents or the childminder to be applied in nurturing the children. Besides, multimodal strategies were also used to make the brochures more eye-catching. The semiotics modes used in the brochures were supported by the meaning making of the discourse. The readers were also invited to comprehend the urgent situation of the topic discussed.

A cross-sectional evidence-based review of pharmaceutical promotional marketing brochures and their underlying studies: Is what they tell us important and true?

BACKGROUND: A major marketing technique used by pharmaceutical companies is direct-to-physician marketing. This form of marketing frequently employs promotional marketing brochures, based on clinical research, which may influence how a physician prescribes medicines. This study's objective was to investigate whether or not the information in promotional brochures presented to physicians by pharmaceutical representatives is accurate, consistent, and valid with respect to the actual studies upon which the promotional brochures are based. METHODS: Physicians in five clinics were asked to consecutively collect pharmaceutical promotional brochures and to send them all to a centralized location. The brochures for any class of medication were collected on a continuous basis until 20 distinct promotional brochures were received by a central location. Once the brochure was received, the corresponding original study was obtained. Two blinded reviewers performed an evidence-based review of the article, comparing data that was printed on the brochure to what was found in the original study. RESULTS: Among the 20 studies, 75% of the studies were found to be valid, 80% were funded by the pharmaceutical company, 60% of the studies and the corresponding brochures presented patient-oriented outcomes, and 40% were compared to another treatment regimen. Of the 19 brochures that presented the data as graphs, 4 brochures presented a relative risk reduction while only 1 brochure presented an absolute risk reduction. 15% of the promotional marketing brochures presented data that was different from what was in the original published study. CONCLUSION: Given the present findings, physicians should be cautious about drawing conclusions regarding a medication based on the marketing brochures provided by pharmaceutical companies