Musical Expertise Has Minimal Impact on Dual Task Performance

Studies investigating effect of practice on dual task performance have yielded conflicting findings, thus supporting different theoretical accounts about the organisation of attentional resources when tasks are performed simultaneously. Because practice has been proven to reduce the demand of attention for the trained task, the impact of long-lasting training on one task is an ideal way to better understand the mechanisms underlying dual task decline in performance. Our study compared performance during dual task execution in expert musicians compared to controls with little if any musical experience. Participants performed a music recognition task and a visuo-spatial task separately (single task) or simultaneously (dual task). Both groups showed a significant but similar performance decline during dual tasks. In addition, the two groups showed a similar decline of dual task performance during encoding and retrieval of the musical information, mainly attributed to a decline in sensitivity. Our results suggest that attention during dual tasks is similarly distributed by expert and non-experts. These findings are in line with previous studies showing a lack of sensitivity to difficulty and lack of practice effect during dual tasks, supporting the idea that different tasks may rely on different and not-sharable attentional resources

Suunnittelunohjaus metallilasirakenteiden hankinnassa

Tässä opinnäytetyössä käsitellään suunnittelunohjausta rakennuskohteiden julkisivuihin asennettavien metallilasirakenteiden hankinnassa. Työn tilaajana toimi NCC Suomi Oy. Metallilasirakenteiden lisääntyvä ostovolyymi rakennushankkeissa tarvitsee kriittistä tarkastelua rakenteiden ominaisuuksien lisääntyessä ja monimutkaistuessa. Asiaa tutkittiin yhdessä metallilasitoimittajien kanssa. Tavoitteena oli selvittää lasirakenteiden suurimmat kustannustekijät. Tutkimus suoritettiin kvalitatiivisena tutkimuksena. Syvähaastattelujen kohteena olivat NCC Suomi Oy:n yhteistyöyritysten edustajat, jotka vastaavat metallilasirakenteiden myynnistä yrityksessä. Kvalitatiivisen tutkimuksen lisäksi opinnäytetyön teoria-osiossa hyödynnettiin metallilasirakenteisiin liittyviä ohjeistuksia, määräyksiä ja muita tutkimuksia. Työn tuloksena selvitettiin metallilasirakenteiden merkittävimpiä kustannustekijöitä. Metallilasirakenteiden profiilien materiaali, lasien ruutukoko, lasin ominaisuudet sekä rakenteen värisävy vaikuttavat merkittävästi valmiin rakennustuotteen hintaan. Optimoimalla näitä ominaisuuksia rakennusliike pystyy tuottamaan kokonaisedullisen rakenneratkaisun tilaajan, suunnittelijoiden sekä metallilasitoimittajien kanssa yhteistyössä.This thesis discusses the design management of metal glass structures installed in building facades. The increasing purchase volume of metal glass structures in construction projects needs critical examination with the structures and their properties becoming more complex. The examiner's task was to investigate the matter together with metal glass suppliers with the aim to find out the major cost factors for metal glass structures. The study was conducted as a qualitative research. The interviewees were representatives of the partner companies of NCC Suomi Oy who are responsible for the sale of metal glass structures. In addition to the qualitative research, the theory section contains information relating to studies about the topic as well as guidelines and regulations for the use of the metal in glass structures. The examination resulted in finding out the most important cost factors of metal glass structures. The material of the profiles, the size of the glass panel, characteristics of the glass and the color tone of the structure significantly affect the cost of the finished metal glass structure. By optimizing these properties of the structural solution, construction companies will be able to produce affordable solutions in cooperation with the client, designers and as well with metal glass suppliers

锂硫电池隔膜的应用研究进展

锂硫电池存在正极活性材料导电性差、穿梭效应、锂枝晶生长等一系列问题,限制了其商业化发展。本文阐明了锂硫电池的工作原理和性能缺陷,介绍了隔膜改性的研究现状,从功能改性材料和静电纺丝生产工艺两方面总结了隔膜改性的主要思路和作用机理

流体力学半径对估算胶体微球聚集速率常数的影响

胶体粒子聚集速率常数实验值远低于理论值一直是被普遍关注的问题.聚集速率常数的理论推导是基于粒子的几何半径来考虑的,但决定粒子扩散速率及聚集速率的应该是粒子的流体力学半径（大于几何半径）,因而它是使聚集速率常数实验值低于理论值的因素之一.影响流体力学半径的因素很多,其中,带电粒子在溶液中因表面存在双电层,会明显增大流体力学半径,造成聚集速率减慢.而双电层的厚度又随溶液中离子强度的不同而改变.本工作在聚集速率的公式中引入了修正因子,即几何半径与其流体力学半径之比,以修正由于用几何半径代替流体力学半径带来的误差.其中几何半径和流体力学半径可以分别用扫描电镜（SEM）和动态光散射（DLS）来测定.以两种粒径的聚苯乙烯带电微球为例,考察了在不同离子强度下,该误差的大小.结果发现,对于半径为30 nm的微球,用流体力学半径计算的慢聚集速率常数比理论值偏低约8%.该误差随离子强度增加而减少.对于快聚集情况,流体力学半径对聚集速率基本没有影响

Effect of the Hydrodynamic Radius of Colloid Microspheres on the Estimation of the Coagulation Rate Constant

胶体粒子聚集速率常数实验值远低于理论值一直是被普遍关注的问题.聚集速率常数的理论推导是基于粒子的几何半径来考虑的,但决定粒子扩散速率及聚集速率的应该是粒子的流体力学半径(大于几何半径),因而它是使聚集速率常数实验值低于理论值的因素之一.影响流体力学半径的因素很多,其中,带电粒子在溶液中因表面存在双电层,会明显增大流体力学半径,造成聚集速率减慢.而双电层的厚度又随溶液中离子强度的不同而改变.本工作在聚集速率的公式中引入了修正因子,即几何半径与其流体力学半径之比,以修正由于用几何半径代替流体力学半径带来的误差.其中几何半径和流体力学半径可以分别用扫描电镜(SEM)和动态光散射(DLS)来测定.以两种粒径的聚苯乙烯带电微球为例,考察了在不同离子强度下,该误差的大小.结果发现,对于半径为30 nm的微球,用流体力学半径计算的慢聚集速率常数比理论值偏低约8%.该误差随离子强度增加而减少.对于快聚集情况,流体力学半径对聚集速率基本没有影响

Kinetics Study of Crystallization with the Disorder-bcc-fcc Phase Transition of Charged Colloidal Dispersions

Structure transformation (disorder–bcc–fcc) in charged colloidal dispersions, as a manifestation of the Ostwald’s step rule, was confirmed by means of reflection spectrum (RS) measurements in our previous study. By taking advantage of a reflection spectrum containing plenty of information about the crystallization behaviors, time-dependent changes of parameters associated with the crystal structure and composition during the disorder-bcc-fcc transition are reported by treating the data from RS in this article. In addition, Avrami’s model is adopted to analyze the transition process and investigate the transition rate. On the basis of the above investigations, associated kinetic features of crystallization with the disorder-bcc-fcc transition are described

有机单体空间构型对共轭微孔聚合物催化性能的影响

以TEMPO自由基功能化2,5-二溴-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)苯甲酰胺为有机单体,与平面三角构型(D3h对称性)的1,3,5-三乙炔苯和四面体构型(Td对称性)的四(4-乙炔基苯)甲烷分别通过Sonogashira-Hagihara偶联反应获得CMP-3-TEMPO和CMP-4-TEMPO。扫描电子显微镜照片(SEM)显示两种TEMPO功能化CMPs形貌上有显著差异,CMP-3-TEMPO为不规则的棒状和块状微米聚合物,CMP-4-TEMPO为尺寸较均一的微米球聚合物。固态电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)证明了CMP-3-TEMPO和CMP-4-TEMPO均含有TEMPO自由基。两种CMPs催化剂均可将5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)选择性催化氧化成2,5-二甲酰基呋喃(2,5-DFF),但在催化效率和循环利用率方面存在显著差异。有机配体的空间立体构型对CMPs的形貌和催化性能有重要影响,选择具有空间立体构型的有机单体,所合成的CMP-4-TEMPO具有更稳定的结构,催化循环性能更优异

有机单体空间构型对共轭微孔聚合物催化性能的影响

以TEMPO自由基功能化2,5-二溴-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)苯甲酰胺为有机单体,与平面三角构型(D3h对称性)的1,3,5-三乙炔苯和四面体构型(Td对称性)的四(4-乙炔基苯)甲烷分别通过Sonogashira-Hagihara偶联反应获得CMP-3-TEMPO和CMP-4-TEMPO。扫描电子显微镜照片(SEM)显示两种TEMPO功能化CMPs形貌上有显著差异,CMP-3-TEMPO为不规则的棒状和块状微米聚合物,CMP-4-TEMPO为尺寸较均一的微米球聚合物。固态电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)证明了CMP-3-TEMPO和CMP-4-TEMPO均含有TEMPO自由基。两种CMPs催化剂均可将5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)选择性催化氧化成2,5-二甲酰基呋喃(2,5-DFF),但在催化效率和循环利用率方面存在显著差异。有机配体的空间立体构型对CMPs的形貌和催化性能有重要影响,选择具有空间立体构型的有机单体,所合成的CMP-4-TEMPO具有更稳定的结构,催化循环性能更优异

亚铁盐制备高结晶度mil100fe纳米材料及其光降解有机染料性能

为了高效、低成本合成光催化性能优异MOFs纳米颗粒,首先将均苯三甲酸与氢氧化钠反应制备均苯三甲酸三钠盐水溶液,之后与亚铁盐(氯化亚铁和醋酸亚铁)水溶液在室温下搅拌24h,合成高结晶度和高稳定性的MIL-100(Fe)纳米颗粒。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计等对MIL-100(Fe)纳米颗粒的晶体结构、形貌、光吸收和光催化性能进行测试表征,结果表明在紫外光照射下,MIL-100(Fe)/H_2O_2体系具有优异的光催化降解罗丹明B和甲基橙等有机染料性能