La contribución de Manuel de Torres a la economía agraria en España (1930-1960)

Este trabajo analiza, desde una perspectiva de historia del pensamiento económico, la introducción del análisis económico en el estudio de la agricultura española a través de los escritos agrarios de Manuel de Torres durante el periodo 1930-1960. Se ha incidido en el modelo analítico que subyace a sus trabajos sobre la agricultura española y en la correspondencia entre la evolución de su pensamiento económico y su análisis agrario a lo largo del periodo. Finalmente, el trabajo ha contribuido a iluminar una de las parcelas más desconocidas de la historia de la agricultura española en el siglo XX: el pensamiento económico- agrario.This paper studies the introduction of Economics into the analysis of agriculture in Spain through Manuel de Torres' works, who was one of the main agrarian economists from 1930 to 1960. The attention is focused on two topics. On the one hand, the economic model underlying the analysis of the Spanish agriculture by Torres. On the other, the links between the evolution of Torres’ economic thought and his analysis on agriculture during the period. Finally, the paper sheds light on one of the most unknown fields of the history of the Spanish agriculture: the Economic-Agrarian Thought

Unraveling the high-energy emission components of gamma-ray binaries

The high and very-high energy spectrum of gamma-ray binaries has become a challenge for all theoretical explanations since the detection of powerful, persistent GeV emission from LS 5039 and LS I +61 303 by Fermi/LAT. The spectral cutoff at a few GeV indicates that the GeV component and the fainter, hard TeV emission above 100 GeV are not directly related. We explore the possible origins of these two emission components in the framework of a young, non-accreting pulsar orbiting the massive star, and initiating the non-thermal emission through the interaction of the stellar and pulsar winds. The pulsar/stellar wind interaction in a compact orbit binary gives rise to two potential locations for particle acceleration: the shocks at the head-on collision of the winds and the termination shock caused by Coriolis forces on scales larger than the binary separation. We explore the suitability of these two locations to host the GeV and TeV emitters, respectively, through the study of their non-thermal emission along the orbit. We focus on the application of this model to LS 5039 given its well determined stellar wind with respect to other gamma-ray binaries. The application of the proposed model to LS 5039 indicates that these two potential emitter locations provide the necessary conditions for reproduction of the two-component high-energy gamma-ray spectrum of LS 5039. In addition, the ambient postshock conditions required at each of the locations are consistent with recent hydrodynamical simulations. The scenario based on the interaction of the stellar and pulsar winds is compatible with the GeV and TeV emission observed from gamma-ray binaries with unknown compact objects, such as LS 5039 and LS I +61 303.Comment: Version as published in A&

El keynesianismo desde la óptica de los países atrasados: su adaptación por Manuel de Torres a la Economía española

Editada en la Fundación SEPIEl siguiente trabajo se propone estudiar la introducción del keynesianismo en España a través de los escritos de Manuel de Torres, probablemente el más activo de los economistas que adoptaron de una u otra forma la nueva doctrina en la posguerra. Dada la escasez en España de una reflexión teórica original, el artículo prestará especial atención a la adaptación que realiza Torres de las ideas keynesianas al contexto de la economía española. En particular, las ideas keynesianas contribuyeron decisivamente a sustituir la vía agraria defendida por Torres como camino de desarrollo de la economía española por el industrialismo que sostiene en la posguerra. El articulo ofrece las claves de esta evolución doctrinal y reivindica el papel de las ideas económicas como poderoso instrumento de transformación.The main aim of the article is to analyse the introduction of keynesianism into Spain through the Manuel de Torres' works, the most active proponent of the new doctrine duríng the forties and fifties. The article focus on the adaptation to the Spanish context of the Keynes's ideas by Manuel de Torres. In particular, Keynesianism contrihuted to replace the agrarian ideas defended by Torres in the thirties by a new interest in industrial development during the 40's and 50's. Thus, the article provides an explanation of Torres' doctrinal evolution and vindicates the role played by the economic ideas as an instrument of transformation. These ideas contributed to change the Torres perception of the Spanish economic reality.Publicad

Dynamic Horizontal and Vertical Equity in Intergovernmental Transfers

This paper shows that actual systems of intergovernmental transfers are incompletely specified when viewed as mechanisms that operate over time, and that the norms of evolution most frequently used do not preserve the distributive properties they have at their initial position. We argue that this problem is solved if these systems are completed with a dynamic condition of vertical equity based on the same economic premises that underlie their static specification. This gives rise to a new norm of evolution that over time preserves both Horizontal Equity and Vertical Equity: the HEAVE norm.Intergovernmental transfers, dynamic horizontal and vertical equity