Beyond sustainable buildings: eco-efficiency to eco-effectiveness through cradle-to-cradle design

Sustainable building development focuses on achieving buildings that meet performance and functionality requirements with minimum adverse impact on the environment. Such eco-efficiency strategies are however not feasible for achieving long-term economic and environmental objectives as they only result in damage reduction without addressing design flaws of contemporary industry. The cradle-to-cradle (C2C) design philosophy which has been described as a paradigm changing innovative platform for achieving ecologically intelligent and environmentally restorative buildings appears to offer an alternative vision which, if embraced, could lead to eco-effectiveness and the achievement of long-term environmental objectives. Adoption of C2C principles in the built environment has however been hindered by several factors especially in a sector where change has always been a very slow process. From a review of extant literature, it is argued that the promotion of current sustainable and/or gree n building strategies - which in themselves are not coherent enough due to their pluralistic meanings and sometimes differing solutions - are a major barrier to the promotion of C2C principles in the built environment. To overcome this barrier to C2C implementation, it is recommended that research should focus on developing clearly defined and measurable C2C targets that can be incorporated into project briefs from the inception of development projects. These targets could enable control, monitoring and comparison of C2C design outcomes with eco-efficient measures as well as serve as a guide for project stakeholders to achieve eco-effective “nutrient” management from the project conceptualization phase to the end of life of the building

Smoking and intention to quit in deprived areas of Glasgow: is it related to housing improvements and neighbourhood regeneration because of improved mental health?

Background: People living in areas of multiple deprivation are more likely to smoke and less likely to quit smoking. This study examines the effect on smoking and intention to quit smoking for those who have experienced housing improvements (HI) in deprived areas of Glasgow, UK, and investigates whether such effects can be explained by improved mental health. Methods: Quasi-experimental, 2-year longitudinal study, comparing residents’ smoking and intention to quit smoking for HI group (n=545) with non-HI group (n=517), adjusting for baseline (2006) sociodemographic factors and smoking status. SF-12 mental health scores were used to assess mental health, along with self-reported experience of, and General Practitioner (GP) consultations for, anxiety and depression in the last 12 months. Results: There was no relationship between smoking and HI, adjusting for baseline rates (OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.67, p=0.918). We found an association between intention to quit and HI, which remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographics and previous intention to quit (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.16, p=0.022). We found no consistent evidence that this association was attenuated by improvement in our three mental health measures. Conclusions: Providing residents in disadvantaged areas with better housing may prompt them to consider quitting smoking. However, few people actually quit, indicating that residential improvements or changes to the physical environment may not be sufficient drivers of personal behavioural change. It would make sense to link health services to housing regeneration projects to support changes in health behaviours at a time when environmental change appears to make behavioural change more likely

Sallie B. Tannahill Lantern Slides - Accession 346

The collection is composed of lantern slides which were given to Eleanor Burts by Sallie B. Tannahill. The slides were used by Miss Tannahill and Dr. Jean Betzner in the courses they taught at the Teachers College at Columbia University in the 1920s and 1930s, with Miss Tannahill teaching courses about typography, graphic design, and the fine arts while Dr. Betzner taught classes about Children’s Literature. The Sallie B. Tannahill Lantern Slides collection is a good summary of the ideas and inspirations Miss Tannahill had, as many slides are in German, Czech, and French, showing the European influence Miss Tannahill received. Additionally, many of the slides are not of typography and letter analysis, but rather of textiles, woodcuts, architectures, photographs, and other expressions of art, showing that Miss Tannahill lectured about the fundamental principles she believed every craft shared.Some slides may have additionally come from lectures Miss Tannahill gave at museums.https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/manuscriptcollection_findingaids/2330/thumbnail.jp

The Solar and Lunar Variations in Barometric Pressure at Glasgow and Ben Nevis

Abstract Not Provided

Biological Sex as a Moderator of the Association of Military Sexual Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Total and Symptom Cluster Severity

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a multifaceted disorder comprised of distinct symptom clusters and is commonly diagnosed in military service members/veterans (SM/Vs), particularly in those with history of military sexual trauma (MST). Evidence and theory suggest that females and males may have different traumatic responses following MST, though research investigating this association has limitations, such as modeling the sexes separately or not covarying for MST severity. The current study examined the moderating role of sex on the association of MST severity and PTSD total and symptom cluster severity. Participants were 1,161 SM/Vs (female: n = 782, 67.36%) who completed online self-report questionnaires. Due to the substantial portion of zeros on the outcome measure (n = 210, 18.07%), two-part hurdle models were utilized to assess the moderating role of sex on the association of MST severity and the presence or severity of overall PTSD symptoms and symptom clusters. Results showed that among those who experienced assault MST, females were at higher risk for the presence of intrusive, avoidance, anhedonia, and dysphoric arousal symptom clusters. Among those who experienced harassment-only MST, males were at higher risk of more severe symptoms overall and in the intrusive, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and dysphoric arousal symptom clusters. No other significant differences were observed. Results from this study suggest that male and female SM/Vs have unique responses to the different severities of MST. Sex-specific interventions may be warranted in targeting posttraumatic responses that are specific to males and females

A Moderated Mediation Model of Gender, Posttraumatic Cognitions, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms After Military Sexual Assault

Military sexual assault (MSA) is associated with the greatest risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD severity beyond other trauma types. Sexual revictimization further increases this risk and severity. However, not all who experience MSA revictimization develop PTSD. This suggests there may be a key mechanism that explains the association between MSA and PTSD. Posttraumatic cognitions (PTC), which include an overall domain and subdomains of self, world, and self-blame, may be one such mechanism between MSA and PTSD, although this link has not yet been examined in the context of MSA revictimization. Further, literature suggests that men and women may have different risks associated with MSA, PTC, and PTSD, though the evidence is mixed, perhaps due to conflation of trauma types. The current study tested separate models to assess if posttraumatic cognitions explained the association between sexual revictimization and PTSD symptom severity, and if these associations looked different between genders. Revictimization was defined across time periods, including MSA only and premilitary + MSA, and in military rape frequency. Participants were 400 (n = 200 male, 50%) service members and veterans who completed online, anonymous, self-report questionnaires and reported a history of MSA. A significant interaction of gender suggested that women with a revictimization history had a larger increase in PTC overall and about the self compared to men with revictimization history, and men with PTC about self-blame had a larger increase in PTSD symptoms compared to women. There were no unique gender interactions when assessing revictimization by rape frequency, although PTC (overall, subdomains) significantly mediated the association between rape frequency and PTSD symptom severity. PTC may be a beneficial target when treating PTSD in men, and may be especially heightened in women who have experienced revictimization