Aerodynamic aircraft design methods and their notable applications: Survey of the activity in Japan

An overview of aerodynamic aircraft design methods and their recent applications in Japan is presented. A design code which was developed at the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) and is in use now is discussed, hence, most of the examples are the result of the collaborative work between heavy industry and the National Aerospace Laboratory. A wide variety of applications in transonic to supersonic flow regimes are presented. Although design of aircraft elements for external flows are the main focus, some of the internal flow applications are also presented. Recent applications of the design code, using the Navier Stokes and Euler equations in the analysis mode, include the design of HOPE (a space vehicle) and Upper Surface Blowing (USB) aircraft configurations

A Dynamical System with Q-deformed Phase Space Represented in Ordinary Variable Spaces

Dynamical systems associated with a q-deformed two dimensional phase space are studied as effective dynamical systems described by ordinary variables. In quantum theory, the momentum operator in such a deformed phase space becomes a difference operator instead of the differential operator. Then, using the path integral representation for such a dynamical system, we derive an effective short-time action, which contains interaction terms even for a free particle with q-deformed phase space. Analysis is also made on the eigenvalue problem for a particle with q-deformed phase space confined in a compact space. Under some boundary conditions of the compact space, there arises fairly different structures from $q=1$ case in the energy spectrum of the particle and in the corresponding eigenspace .Comment: 17page, 2 figure

EMERSON’S “GOD-WITHIN” AND THE BUDDHIST “BUDDHA-WOMB”

Emerson wrote with excitement of his discovery of “God-within” in his poem “Gnothi Seauton”: “There doth sit the Infinite embosomed in a man.” He furthermore preached in his sermon “The Genuine Man” that “the essential man” dwells in the innermost soul, and that this indwelling essential self is a higher self, God’s image, and “Reason.” The doctrine of “Buddha-womb,” tathāgatagarbha meaning “essence of self” or “Buddha-nature,” buddhadātu meaning “true self,” is an important teaching in Mahāyāna Buddhism, which affirms that each sentient being contains the indwelling potency for attaining Buddhahood and enlightenment. This notion is explained when referring to the boundless, nurturing, sustaining, and deathless Self of the Buddha. The affinities between Emersonian Transcendentalism and Mahāyāna Buddhism, especially Zen, have often been pointed out. In this article the comparison between Emerson’s “God-within” and Mahāyāna Buddhism’s “Buddha-womb” or “Buddha-nature” will be examined

Circulation, Monuments, and the Politics of Transmission in Sir Walter Scott’s Tales of My Landlord

Time and time again, Scott has been accused of manipulating his representations of Scotland and its people in ways that cater to the mainstream -- that is, English -- reading public. Such accusations have started to appear soon after the first publication of his novels when, as Ina Ferris details, some of Scott’s contemporaries objected to his depiction of Covenanters in Old Mortality. The accusations continue to this day as critics argue that Scott essentially commodifies Scotland for the consumption of English readers in his historical novels. Rather than adding to these accusations, this article draws attention to the way Scott attempts to create an alibi, an excuse in his novels for these unsatisfactory representations. The opening passage to The Heart of Midlothian that I mention above, exemplifies Scott’s own sense of the contradiction inherent in taking a historical narrative transmitted within a particular local community and circulating it throughout the nation. In the following discussion of Old Mortality and The Heart of Midlothian, I examine how Scott attempts to negotiate and bridge the gap between isolated local communities and a print-based imagined community by theorizing narrative transmission within his frame narratives. For Scott, the national imagined community, which continues to extend its reach as roads are built and mail-coach routes are instituted, does not so much incorporate localities into a national network of communication as subordinate them. This subordination has dire consequences for the literary health of the nation, since the national print market brainwashes readers with mass-produced narratives that merely reproduce conventional patterns, while authentic historical narratives remain entrapped within individual local communities. In the first two installments of Tales of My Landlord series, Scott explores how an authentic historical narrative might be recovered from obscurity and put into national circulation without losing its authenticity. This exploration results in a series of renegotiations -- between circulation and stability, between reproductions and originals, between spatial and temporal transmission -- that help to establish a modern conception of literary value that lays the groundwork for institutionalizing the English novel

Spin-Hall and Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Ferrimagnetic Co-Gd / Pt layers

We present the Co-Gd composition dependence of the spin-Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) for ferrimagnetic Co100-xGdx / Pt bilayers. With Gd concentration x, its magnetic moment increasingly competes with the Co moment in the net magnetization. We find a nearly compensated ferrimagnetic state at x = 24. The AMR changes sign from positive to negative with increasing x, vanishing near the magnetization compensation. On the other hand, the SMR does not vary significantly even where the AMR vanishes. These experimental results indicate that very different scattering mechanisms are responsible for AMR and SMR. We discuss a possible origin for the alloy composition dependence.Comment: 31 Pages, 9 figure