2,068 research outputs found

    Exit from farming and land abandonment in Northern Norway

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    The combination of nature and farmed land is one reason why Northern Norway is attracting tourists. It is therefore of interest to know which farms that are more likely to quit faming, and to see what factors that are important for abandonment of farm land when the owner of the farm exits farming. Our results indicate that smaller properties in areas with few farmers are the most likely to be abandoned. Property structure is another important factor for abandonment, but is less important for the exit-decision. Size of the farm, including both rented and own farm land, appears to be more important for the exit-decision. Larger farm operations, with breeding stock, primary sheep and dairy cattle are more likely to continue farming.Farm exit, abandoned land, logistic regression., Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Labor and Human Capital,

    A model for prediction of spatial farm structure

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    Spatial micro structure and its change over time is recorded for Norwegian farm firms. Relative strong correlations between geographically close neighbors are expected, either because growing farms swallow the smaller ones, or because they are affected by some spatially related unobserved factors. Strong correlations over time are also expected because of prevalent family farming. The paper proposes a state-of-the-art Markov chain model in order to predict the spatial and temporal micro structure taking account of both non-stationarity and spatio/temporal correlations by means of techniques from non-linear state space modeling and Gaussian Markov random fields. The model and the complete data set is then a device with which one can investigate the consequences of ignoring spatial and/or temporal correlations, both with complete data and with more sparsely sampled data, like FADN panels or USDA's repeated cross-sections (ARMS).Farm Management,

    Is Anyone Out There Listening?

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    Enforcing Environmental Law in an Unequal Market: The Case of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

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    Bird Migration Through A Mountain Pass Studied With High Resolution Radar, Ceilometers, And Census

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    Autumnal migration was studied with high-resolution radar, ceilometer, and daily census in the area of Franconia Notch, a major pass in the northern Appalachian Mountains. Under synoptic conditions favorable for migration, broadfront movements of migrants toward the south passed over the mountains, often above a temperature inversion. Birds at lower elevations appeared to be influenced by local topography. Birds moving southwest were concentrated along the face of the mountain range. Birds appeared to deviate their flights to follow local topography through the pass. Specific migratory behavior was not associated with species or species groups. Under synoptic conditions unfavorable for southward migration, multimodal movements probably associated with local flights were as dense as the southward migrations described above. Avian migrants reacting to local terrain may result in concentrations of migrants over ridge summits or other topographic features

    Effects of nuclear structure on average angular momentum in subbarrier fusion

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    We investigate the effects of nuclear quadrupole and hexadecapole couplings on the average angular momentum in sub-barrier fusion reactions. This quantity could provide a probe for nuclear shapes, distinguishing between prolate vs. oblate quadrupole and positive vs. negative hexadecapole couplings. We describe the data in the O + Sm system and discuss heavier systems where shape effects become more pronounced.Comment: Latex (uses the epsf macro), 10 pages of text, 3 postscript figures included. Full postscript version available by anonymous ftp from wisnuf.physics.wisc.edu:/pub/preprints. MAD-NT-94-0

    Could Naturally Occurring Coronaviral Diseases in Animals Serve as Models for COVID-19? A Review Focusing on the Bovine Model

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    The current pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of basic studies on coronaviruses (CoVs) in general, and severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in particular. CoVs have for long been studied in veterinary medicine, due to their impact on animal health and welfare, production, and economy. Several animal models using coronaviral disease in the natural host have been suggested. In this review, different animal models are discussed, with the main focus on bovine CoV (BCoV). BCoV is endemic in the cattle population worldwide and has been known and studied for several decades. SARS-CoV-2 and BCoV are both betacoronaviruses, where BCoV is highly similar to human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43, encompassing the same virus species (Betacoronavirus 1). BCoV causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disease in young and adult cattle. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the similarities and dissimilarities between BCoV and SARS-CoV-2, as well as discussing the usage of BCoV as a model for human CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2

    Finnes det en medieeffekt på det norske markedet? : en undersøkelse av hvorvidt medieeksponering påvirker aksjekursene på Oslo Børs

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    Oppgaven tar for seg selskapene på Oslo Børs i perioden 2008-2012 og undersøker hvorvidt det eksisterer en medieeffekt på det norske markedet. Medieeffekten defineres som målbar differanseavkastning mellom selskaper som har henholdsvis høy og lav eksponering i media og er uavhengig av nyhetens relevans, retning og alder. Medieeksponering måles som antall treff i norske papir- og nettaviser. Vi danner lang-kort porteføljer hvor vi kjøper aksjer med høy mediedekning og selger aksjer med lav mediedekning. Videre finner vi at høy mediedekningsgruppe har signifikant høyere avkastning enn lav mediedekningsgruppe i samme måned, og at denne avkastningen ser ut til å reversere i perioden etter målt medieeksponering. Nærmere undersøkelser viser at den positive porteføljeavkastningen ikke kan forklares av markeds- eller størrelsesfaktoren. I undersøkelsen av Oslo Børs kan vi likevel ikke entydig konkludere med at en medieeffekt alene kan forklare den positive porteføljeavkastningen. Oslo Børs er preget av få store selskaper. Disse selskapene hadde en god avkastning i perioden for vår analyse og mye tyder på at den observerte effekten i stor grad også kan tilskrives størrelseseffekt. Når vi foretar undersøkelser på Oslo Børs hvor de 25 største selskapene representert ved OBX-indeksen ekskluderes, øker derimot lang-kort porteføljens avkastning. Dette taler for at observert effekt i det minste delvis skyldes medieeffekt. Signifikansen øker også betraktelig. Det må nevnes at det kan være flere risikofaktorer enn de vi tar hensyn til i oppgaven som kan være med på å forklare porteføljens positive og signifikante avkastning

    A New Coupling Potential for the Scattering of Deformed Light Heavy-Ions

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    This letter introduces a new coupling potential to explain the experimental data over wide energy ranges for a number of systems. Within the coupled-channels formalism, this letter first shows the limitations of the standard coupled-channels theory in the case where one of the nuclei in the reaction is strongly deformed and then, demonstrates that a global solution to the problems of light heavy-ion reactions such as 12^{12}C+12^{12}C, 16^{16}O+28^{28}Si and 12^{12}C+24^{24}Mg can be found using a new second-derivative coupling potential in the coupled-channels formalism. This new approach consistently improves the agreement with the experimental data for the elastic and inelastic scattering data as well as for their excitation functions using constant or slightly energy-dependent parameters.Comment: 4 Pages, 5 Figures, submitted to the Phys. Lett.
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