Etyka w edukacyjnym science-fiction w dobie transhumanizmu i posthumanizmu

Education is a continuous process of preparing young people to enter adulthood, of equipping them with the tools and knowledge necessary to cope in the future so that they can cope both in the labor market and in their personal life as well as in functioning in society. It is also, in its own way, a process of “human enhancement.” This article aims to introduce the fashionable and widely commented philosophical concepts of transhumanism and posthumanism. First, some of the most famous and popular visions of the future from visionaries at the end of the 19th century are presented, with a particular emphasis on those that have in some way come true. In the next part of the article, the very concepts of transhumanism and posthumanism are clarified, along with a presentation of the most important differences. In the last part, the educational challenges posed by proponents of these philosophical movements are indicated, as well as the main ethical problems that arise in the world of futuristic visionaries.Edukacja jest ciągłym procesem przygotowywania młodych ludzi do wejścia w dorosłość, podczas którego wyposaża się ich w niezbędne narzędzia i wiedzę, aby mogli poradzić sobie w przyszłości zarówno na rynku pracy, jak i w życiu osobistym oraz w funkcjonowaniu w społeczeństwie. Jest to również na swój sposób proces „udoskonalania człowieka”. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie modnych dzisiaj i szeroko komentowanych koncepcji filozoficznych transhumanizmu i posthumanizmu. Najpierw zostanie zatem przedstawionych kilka najbardziej znanych i popularnych wizji dotyczących przyszłości, które zostały zaprezentowane przez wizjonerów przełomu XIX i XX wieku, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tych, które na swój sposób się już spełniły. W dalszej części artykułu zostaną ukazane koncepcje filozofii transhumanizmu i posthumanizmu, wraz z przedstawieniem najważniejszych różnic. W ostatniej części wskazane zostaną wyzwania edukacyjne postulowane przez aktywistów tych ruchów filozoficznych, a na koniec – główne problemy etyczne, jakie rodzą się w świecie futurystycznych wizjonerów

Trees with maximum number of maximal matchings

AbstractForests on n vertices with maximum number of maximal matchings are called extremal forests. All extremal forests, except 2K1, are trees. Extremal trees with small number n of vertices, n⩽19, are characterized; in particular, they are unique if n≠6. The exponential upper and lower bounds on the maximum number of maximal matchings among n-vertex trees have been found

On some third parts of nearly complete digraphs

AbstractFor the complete digraph DKn with n⩾3, its half as well as its third (or near-third) part, both non-self-converse, are exhibited. A backtracking method for generating a tth part of a digraph is sketched. It is proved that some self-converse digraphs are not among the near-third parts of the complete digraph DK5 in four of the six possible cases. For n=9+6k,k=0,1,…, a third part D of DKn is found such that D is a self-converse oriented graph and all D-decompositions of DKn have trivial automorphism group

Self-employment in the European Union in the light of legal regulations and case law

Self-employment is the subject of both EU regulations and case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. On the one hand, EU law ensures self-employed persons freedom to provide services and freedom of establishment by removing barriers and protecting against discrimination. n the other hand, EU law aims to combat bogus self-employment and to provide social protection for the self-employed, recognizing the wide spectrum of their labour market situation. The case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, discussed in this article, plays an important role in extending the personal scope of the concept of "worker" under various social policy directives to persons who perform work on a basis other than an employment relationship, working under similar conditions

Les règles de la responsabilité civile pour le dommage causé par le salarié à un tiers

Ce chapitre présente les règles de la responsabilité de l’employeur pour le dommage causé par le salarié à un tiers (1) ainsi que les règles de la responsabilité du salarié pour son propre fait (2).Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00. Publication co-financée par l’Association Henri Capitant des amis de la culture juridique française

Introduction

The project is co-financed by the Governments of Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia through Visegrad Grants from International Visegrad Fund. The mission of the Fund is to advance ideas for sustainable regional cooperation in Central Europe

Workplace Whistleblower Protection in Poland: Current Situation and Perspectives

The chapter analyses the current legal situation of whistleblowers in work-related context in Poland. Protection of whistleblowers is not regulated by a single comprehensive legal act but may be granted on the basis of different pieces of legislation as well as according to the case law of the Supreme Court, which established the concept of ‘permissible criticism’ expressed by a worker. The level of whistleblower protection is by no means satisfactory, especially as regards atypical workers. The author assesses the shortcomings of the current legal situation and presents proposals for improvement in the light of the EU Whistleblower Protection Directive and international conventions ratified by Poland.The project is co-financed by the Governments of Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia through Visegrad Grants from International Visegrad Fund. The mission of the Fund is to advance ideas for sustainable regional cooperation in Central Europe

Zasady odpowiedzialności cywilnej za szkodę wyrządzoną osobie trzeciej przez pracownika

W niniejszym rozdziale przedstawiono zasady odpowiedzialności pracodawcy za szkody wyrządzone przez pracownika osobie trzeciej (1) oraz zasady odpowiedzialności pracownika za jego własne czyny (2).Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00. Publikacja współfinansowana ze środków Stowarzyszenia Henri Capitant des amis de la culture juridique française

Decomposing cryptocurrency dynamics into recurring and noisy components

This paper investigates the temporal patterns of activity in the cryptocurrency market with a focus on bitcoin, ether, dogecoin, and winklink from January 2020 to December 2022. Market activity measures - logarithmic returns, volume, and transaction number, sampled every 10 seconds, were divided into intraday and intraweek periods and then further decomposed into recurring and noise components via correlation matrix formalism. The key findings include the distinctive market behavior from traditional stock markets due to the nonexistence of trade opening and closing. This was manifest in three enhanced-activity phases aligning with Asian, European, and US trading sessions. An intriguing pattern of activity surge in 15-minute intervals, particularly at full hours, was also noticed, implying the potential role of algorithmic trading. Most notably, recurring bursts of activity in bitcoin and ether were identified to coincide with the release times of significant US macroeconomic reports such as Nonfarm payrolls, Consumer Price Index data, and Federal Reserve statements. The most correlated daily patterns of activity occurred in 2022, possibly reflecting the documented correlations with US stock indices in the same period. Factors that are external to the inner market dynamics are found to be responsible for the repeatable components of the market dynamics, while the internal factors appear to be substantially random, which manifests itself in a good agreement between the empirical eigenvalue distributions in their bulk and the random matrix theory predictions expressed by the Marchenko-Pastur distribution. The findings reported support the growing integration of cryptocurrencies into the global financial markets

Camera and narrations : instruments of intervention or interpretation? : movie images of war in former Yugoslavia

This article is an attempt to analyze of images of war in former Yugoslavia. Author concentrates on meaning and status of camera (or movie camera) and narration in constructing these pictures. The object of author’s interest are feature films describing the next part of Balkan’s war conflict. Exceptional attention in this article is devoted to the issues of representation and heterogeneous origin of presented images. Author constructs two pairs of antagonistic concepts: intervention/influence and interpretation/understanding. Judith Butler’s main thesis contained in her book Frames of War. When Is Life Grievable? are recalled in this context. Thesis which are polemic with Susan Sontag’s opinions from her texts On Photography and Regarding the Pain of Others. Furthermore, author pays attention to documentary images, which are often used in feature films. Author classifies the war images in former Yugoslavia according to two criteria. The first one, is divided into films directed by artists from post-Yugoslavian countries and films made by directors from outside (mainly West-European origins). The second criterion is related to the extent of the realism the movie contains. Author supposes that movies from foreign directors are often reflection of European society’s guilt to passivity and inadequate involvement in prevention of massacres and ethnic purges. In this article a dozen movies has been analyzed and author particularly focuses on few of them, such as Warriors by Peter Kosminsky, Welcome to Sarajevo by Michael Winterbottom and Before the Rain by Milcho Manchevski