A comparison of different methods of estimating and testing the especification of rational expectation models with one endogeneus and one exogenus variable.

This article considers the theory of the estimation and testing of a model with one endogenous variable and one exogenous variable, where the structure of the model assumes a simple rational expectations hypothesis for the determination of the endogenous variable. Two methods of estimation are considered, the first the method of Maximum Likelihood, and the second the method of Instrumental Variables. The first is asymptotically efficient, the second may be relatively less asymptotically efficient. The first also has the advantage of suggesting suitable tests for the general form of the rational expectations model.Instrumental variables; Maximum likelihood estimation;

A comparison of different methods of estimating and testing the especification of rational expectation models with one endogeneus and one exogenus variable

This article considers the theory of the estimation and testing of a model with one endogenous variable and one exogenous variable, where the structure of the model assumes a simple rational expectations hypothesis for the determination of the endogenous variable. Two methods of estimation are considered, the first the method of Maximum Likelihood, and the second the method of Instrumental Variables. The first is asymptotically efficient, the second may be relatively less asymptotically efficient. The first also has the advantage of suggesting suitable tests for the general form of the rational expectations model

Problemas actuales en econometría: una visión personal

Nombrado Doctor Honoris Causa en el acto del día de la Universidad del curso 92/9

What Could a Trans Book History Look Like? Toward Trans Codicology

This article draws on critical trans studies and queer archival practice to propose a book historical mode that extends what we know about the premodern trans experience beyond the recovery of individual biographies. Instead of turning to textual sources for the identification of transness, the author looks to Susan Stryker’s call for the “recuperat[ion of] embodied knowing as a formally legitimated basis of knowledge production.” Bibliography, he suggests, makes claims of objectivity that engender a particular reluctance to respond to such calls. But the lived reality of archival research is one of affective embodiment. Affect theory is an area that, as yet, has seen little methodological uptake in bibliographical research. This article lays the ground for a trans book history that takes affective embodied response seriously as a source of trans connection to and through the past. (In the issue section Bibliographic Knowledge(s)

The spectral estimation of simultaneous equation systems with lagged endogenous variables

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The Finnish lapphund retinal atrophy locus maps to the centromeric region of CFA9

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dogs have the second largest number of genetic diseases, after humans. Among the diseases present in dogs, progressive retinal atrophy has been reported in more than a hundred breeds. In some of them, the mutation has been identified and genetic tests have allowed the identification of carriers, thus enabling a drastic reduction in the incidence of the disease. The Finnish lapphund is a dog breed presenting late-onset progressive retinal atrophy for which the disease locus remains unknown.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study we mapped the progressive retinal atrophy locus in the Finnish lapphund using a DNA pooling approach, assuming that all affected dogs within the breed share the same identical-by descent-mutation as the cause of the disease (genetic homogeneity). Autosomal recessive inheritance was also assumed, after ruling out, from pedigree analysis, dominant and X-linked inheritance. DNA from 12 Finnish lapphund cases was mixed in one pool, and DNA from 12 first-degree relatives of these cases was mixed to serve as the control pool. The 2 pools were tested with 133 microsatellite markers, 3 of which showed a shift towards homozygosity in the cases. Individual genotyping with these 3 markers confirmed homozygosity for the GALK1 microsatellite only (chromosome 9). Further individual genotyping with additional samples (4 cases and 59 controls) confirmed the association between this marker and the disease locus (p < 0.001). Closely related to this breed are the Swedish lapphund and the Lapponian herder for which a small number of retinal atrophy cases have been reported. Swedish lapphund cases, but not Lapponian herder cases, had the same GALK1 microsatellite genotype as Finnish lapphund cases.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The locus for progressive rod-cone degeneration is known to be close to the GALK1 locus, on the telomeric region of chromosome 9, where the retinal atrophy locus of the Finnish lapphund has been mapped. This suggests that the disease in this breed, as well as in the Swedish lapphund, may correspond to progressive rod-cone degeneration. This would increase the number of known dog breeds having this particular form of progressive retinal atrophy.</p