The free encyclopaedia that anyone can edit: the shifting values of Wikipedia editors

Wikipedia is often held up as an example of the potential of the internet to foster open, free and non-commercial collaboration. However such discourses often conflate these values without recognising how they play out in reality in a peer-production community. As Wikipedia is evolving, it is an ideal time to examine these discourses and the tensions that exist between its initial ideals and the reality of commercial activity in the encyclopaedia. Through an analysis of three failed proposals to ban paid advocacy editing in the English language Wikipedia, this paper highlights the shift in values from the early editorial community that forked encyclopaedic content over the threat of commercialisation, to one that today values the freedom that allows anyone to edit the encyclopaedia

Seeing is as Good as Doing

Given the privileged status claimed for active learning in a variety of domains (visuomotor learning, causal induction, problem solving, education, skill learning), the present study examines whether action-based learning is a necessary, or a suffi cient, means of acquiring the relevant skills needed to perform a task typically described as requiring active learning. To achieve this, the present study compares the effects of action-based and observation-based learning when controlling a complex dynamic task environment (N = 96). Both action- and observation-based individuals learn either by describing the changes in the environment in the form of a conditional statement, or not. The study reveals that for both active and observational learners, advantages in performance (p < .05), accuracy in knowledge of the task (p < .05), and self-insight (p < .05) are found when learning is based on inducing rules from the task environment. Moreover, the study provides evidence suggesting that, given task instructions that encourage rule-based knowledge, both active and observation-based learning can lead to high levels of problem solving skills in a complex dynamic environment

Consciousness complexity

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Satu tinjauan perspektif pengurus terhadap k-workers

Negara yang mempunyai ramai pekerja berpengetahuan mempunyai keiebihan berbanding dengan negara-negara iain dari perspektif ekonomi. Kini A:-worA:er.y diperiukan untuk menghadapi perubahan dan persaingan giobaiisasi. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan bertujuan untuk mengenaipasti ^-wor^erj dari perspektif pengurus di syarikat Aicatei Network Systems (M) Sdn Bhd. Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengenaipasti persediaan pengurus terhadap persediaan pembangunan pekerja ke arah meiahirkan /r-wor/rer,y. Seramai 28 orang responden daripada Aicatei Network Systems (M) Sdn Bhd teriibat daiam kajian ini. Borang soai seiidik digunakan sebagai instrumen dan dapatan kajian ini dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif menggunakan perisian SPSS untuk mendapatkan niiai min skor dan sisihan piawai. Hasii kajian menunjukkan pengurus bersetuju bahawa /t-ivorAer.y adaiah seorang pekerja yang periu menguasai kemahiran berkomunikasi, penguasaan ICT dan penguasaan bahasa Inggeris. Persediaan pengurus terhadap pembangunan pekerja daiam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemahiran ke arah melahirkan A-worAre;-^ berada di tahap yang baik. Meiihat kepada permasaiahan ini, pengkaji membangunkan satu garis panduan ke arah meiahirkan ivor/cgw sebagai rujukan kepada pengurus dan pekerja. Pengkaji juga mengemukakan beberapa cadangan sebagai rujukan di masa hadapan

Some reflections on islamic view of other divine religions within the context of inter-religious dialogue

Our earth, which is a tiny in the infinity of the universe, is getting to be a difficult place to live in. Environmental problems such as pollution and global warming on one side and various disagreements and wars in every corner of the world on the other side, make most of the people unhappy and cause suffering. Everybody living in this world regardless of his or her ethnicity or religion has got share of responsibility to make this earth a place to live in peace and tranquillity. Within this framework, the most important thing in the world is that people with different languages and religious denominations should understand each other better to achieve the goal of creating more secure and peaceful environment for humanity. To make a contribution to this endeavour the Qur’anic guidelines which appear to open a sound way and strengthen the ground of a dialogue between celestial religions should be elucidated