Construction of a novel phagemid to produce custom DNA origami scaffolds.

DNA origami, a method for constructing nanoscale objects, relies on a long single strand of DNA to act as the 'scaffold' to template assembly of numerous short DNA oligonucleotide 'staples'. The ability to generate custom scaffold sequences can greatly benefit DNA origami design processes. Custom scaffold sequences can provide better control of the overall size of the final object and better control of low-level structural details, such as locations of specific base pairs within an object. Filamentous bacteriophages and related phagemids can work well as sources of custom scaffold DNA. However, scaffolds derived from phages require inclusion of multi-kilobase DNA sequences in order to grow in host bacteria, and those sequences cannot be altered or removed. These fixed-sequence regions constrain the design possibilities of DNA origami. Here, we report the construction of a novel phagemid, pScaf, to produce scaffolds that have a custom sequence with a much smaller fixed region of 393 bases. We used pScaf to generate new scaffolds ranging in size from 1512 to 10 080 bases and demonstrated their use in various DNA origami shapes and assemblies. We anticipate our pScaf phagemid will enhance development of the DNA origami method and its future applications

Attributes of Big Data Analytics for Data-Driven Decision Making in Cyber-Physical Power Systems

Big data analytics is a virtually new term in power system terminology. This concept delves into the way a massive volume of data is acquired, processed, analyzed to extract insight from available data. In particular, big data analytics alludes to applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning techniques, data mining techniques, time-series forecasting methods. Decision-makers in power systems have been long plagued by incapability and weakness of classical methods in dealing with large-scale real practical cases due to the existence of thousands or millions of variables, being time-consuming, the requirement of a high computation burden, divergence of results, unjustifiable errors, and poor accuracy of the model. Big data analytics is an ongoing topic, which pinpoints how to extract insights from these large data sets. The extant article has enumerated the applications of big data analytics in future power systems through several layers from grid-scale to local-scale. Big data analytics has many applications in the areas of smart grid implementation, electricity markets, execution of collaborative operation schemes, enhancement of microgrid operation autonomy, management of electric vehicle operations in smart grids, active distribution network control, district hub system management, multi-agent energy systems, electricity theft detection, stability and security assessment by PMUs, and better exploitation of renewable energy sources. The employment of big data analytics entails some prerequisites, such as the proliferation of IoT-enabled devices, easily-accessible cloud space, blockchain, etc. This paper has comprehensively conducted an extensive review of the applications of big data analytics along with the prevailing challenges and solutions

PERSEPSI ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN TENTANG SURGA DAN NERAKA MELALUI ANALISIS GAMBAR DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK AN-NAMIROH PUSAT PEKANBARU

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi anak usia 5-6 tahun tentang surga dan neraka melalui analisis gambar di TK An-Namiroh Pusat Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskripstif dengan menggunakan wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif dengan empat tahapan yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi anak usia 5-6 tahun tentang surga dan neraka melalui analisis gambar di TK An-Namiroh Pusat Pekanbaru sudah benar sesuai dengan konsep yang terdapat di dalam Al-Qur’an dan hadist, meskipun dengan gambaran yang sangat sederhana. Anak mempersepsikan surga sebagai tempat yang indah dan penuh kenikmatan dengan adanya gambar sungai yang mengalir, pemandangan yang indah dan pohon-pohon yang sejuk. Warna pilihan untuk surga dengan nuansa warna hijau dan biru sebagai gambaran keindahan dan kesejukan. Demikian juga persepsi anak tentang neraka digambarkan dengan api yang menyala dan nuansa warna merah sebagai gambaran panas dan kondisi yang penuh dengan siksaan

Interplays between the cell wall and phytohormones in interaction between plants and necrotrophic pathogens

AbstractThe plant cell wall surrounds every cell in plants. During microbial infection, the cell wall provides a dynamic interface for interaction with necrotrophic phytopathogens as a rich source of carbohydrates for the growth of pathogens, as a physical barrier restricting the progression of the pathogens, and as an integrity sensory system that can activate intracellular signaling cascades and ultimately lead to a multitude of inducible host defense responses. Studies over the last decade have provided evidence of interplays between the cell wall and phytohormone signaling. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the cell wall-phytohormone interplays, with the focus on auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids, and abscisic acid, and discuss how they impact the outcome of plant–necrotrophic pathogen interaction