Eine Meta-Analyse zur Effektivität verschiedener Behandlungsstrategien bei Angststörungen: ein Vergleich von behavioraler, kognitiv-behavioraler und pharmakologischer Therapie

Ziel der Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Effektivität und Akzeptanz von behavioralen, kognitiv-behavioralen und medikamentösen Behandlungen bei den verschiedenen Angststörungen. Dazu wurden die Ergebnisse bisheriger Evaluationsstudien quantitativ integriert mit aktuellen meta-analytischen Methoden unter Einsatz des Random Effects-Modells. Methodische Variablen dieser Studien wurden ebenfalls untersucht. Es wurden so insgesamt Daten von 340 Einzeluntersuchungen mit über 30000 Patienten in die Meta-Analyse eingeschlossen

Los errores refractivos más comunes en los niños desde los 5 años hasta los adultos mayores del Distrito Metropolitanos de Quito

In the Metropolitan District of Quito there are difficulties of visual health, a study by the Foundation for all Vista will determine what are the main eye problems that exists in children from 5 years to seniors. We know that we are born with visual defects that can be compensated with our accommodation or the can certainly tolerate the training process involves the eyeball anatomical changes in the eye which can lead some to adolescence without being corrected or to be adults and think we have no visual defects, some are genetic in shape and size of eyes, we must also mentioning that due to the growth of the eye q until fully take training.En el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito existen dificultades de salud visual, mediante un estudio realizado en la Fundación Vista para todo vamos a determinar cuáles son los principales problemas visuales que existe en niños desde los 5 años hasta adultos mayores. Sabemos que nacemos con defectos visuales que pueden ser compensados con nuestra acomodación o sin duda se los puede tolerar, el proceso formativo del globo ocular conlleva cambios anatómicos en el ojo los cuales podemos llevar algunos hasta la adolescencia sin ser corregido o hasta ser adultos y creer que no tenemos defectos visuales, algunos son genéticos por forma y tamaño de ojos, tambien debemos acotar que se debe al crecimiento del ojo lo que llevara hasta su total formación

La tierra de Oña: color. técnica y patrimonio

Las parroquias de Oña y Susudel, en la provincia del Azuay, forman parte del inventario de Patrimonio Cultural del Estado; a pesar de ser escenarios cargados de riqueza histórica, paisajística y cultural, relacionada principalmente con su accidentada geografía y su vinculación con territorios de poderío económico y social, dado su pasado Cañari y dominación Inca, estas parroquias han sido poco estudiadas en lo referente a su patrimonio intangible. A partir de esfuerzos institucionales locales, direccionados a potencializar la puesta en valor del patrimonio tangible e intangible que reposa en las técnicas tradicionales de las comunidades, se ha evidenciado la prevalencia de conocimientos en torno a la producción de pintura a base de tierras de color y su uso en la arquitectura del lugar. Sin embargo, también es evidente la paulatina pérdida de valorización y de la transferencia de estas prácticas. Enmarcado en la fase inicial del Proyecto de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca: Tierras de Colores, este trabajo comprende un acercamiento al contexto territorial e histórico del cantón Oña, así como un valioso aporte al estudio del color en la arquitectura del lugar. Como resultado, se logró la identificación, documentación y experimentación de los saberes tradicionales relacionados con las técnicas de producción de pintura de tierra, a través de una aproximación etnográfica a los depositarios de estos conocimientos. Además, esto permitió corroborar la prevalencia y pertinencia de la técnica en el contexto actual, con el fin de promover su transferencia.The parishes of Oña and Susudel, in the province of Azuay, are part of the National Inventory of Cultural Heritage. They are sceneries with historical, cultural and landscape richness, given their rugged geography and historical connection with territories of economic and social power (linked to their Cañari heritage and the Inca domination). However, the intangible heritage of these parishes has barely been studied. Thanks to local institutional efforts to enhance the value of tangible and intangible heritage found in the traditional techniques of the communities, it has been discovered the prevalence of knowledge on the production of paint from soil pigments and its use in the architecture of these parishes. Nevertheless, it is also evident the gradual loss of valorization and transfer of knowledge of these practices. As part of the initial phase of the research project of the University of Cuenca: Soils of Colors, this research includes an approach to the territorial and historical contexts of the canton Oña, as well as a valuable contribution to the study of color in the local architecture. As a result, this study allowed the identification, documentation and experimentation of the traditional knowledge related to the techniques of soil paint production, which was achieved through an ethnographic approach to the repositories of this knowledge. In addition, this study enabled to verify the prevalence and relevance of the technique in the current context in order to promote the transfer of knowledge.ArquitectaCuenc

Mise Au Point D’un Protocole De Sterilisation D’explants Nodaux D’alchornea Cordifolia Avec De L’acide Triclororoisocyanurique

Trichloroisocyanuric acid is a swimming pool disinfectant and is readily accessible. As a result, there is the need to use it as a substitute for conventional disinfectants in in vitro culture. Nodal explants of Alchornea cordifolia, harvested in a natural environment, have been rinsed abundantly with Dettol under running water. Then it was soaked in Talo Plus (550 g/l carbendazim and 100 g/l Chlorothalonil) at 5 ml/liter, which is a broad spectrum fungicide. After then, it was immersed in 70% alcohol for 10 minutes before being soaked in different solutions of trichloroisocyanuric acid to: 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.3, 0.1, and 0.08%. The explants were disinfected completely of all contaminating bacterial and fungal exogenous. This was after a treatment in solutions of acidic trichloroisocyanurique of 6 to 0.08%. The results showed that the losses of active chlorine remained low during storage at temperatures of 4 to 18 ± 2°C. They reach only 5.29% after 72 hours. At room temperature of 27 ± 2 ° C, these losses are more than 30% after three days. Concentrations of 0.1 to 0.3% are effective for the disinfection of explants. This protocol of explants disinfection in vitro culture could therefore be advantageously substituted using the hypochlorite of calcium or the chloride of mercury

19世紀中葉西南ドイツにおける鉄道建設：バーデン大公国の事例

はじめに 第１章広軌の採用 １経済的・商業的理由 ２技術的理由 ３国防上の理由 第２章標準軌への改軌 １技術面 ２経済・商業面(ネットワークの外部性とインターオ ペラビリティー) ３国防面 第３章バーデンの鉄道戦略 １技術委員会の役割 ２バーデンの戦略 むすびにかえ

Trait Anxiety and Economic Risk Avoidance Are Not Necessarily Associated: Evidence from the Framing Effect.

According to previous literature, trait anxiety is related to the tendency to choose safety options during risk decision-making, that is, risk avoidance. In our opinion, anxious people's risk preference might actually reflect their hypersensitivity to emotional information. To examine this hypothesis, a decision-making task that could elicit the framing effect was employed. The framing effect indicates that risk preference could be modulated by emotional messages contained in the description (i.e., frame) of options. The behavioral results have showed the classic framing effect. In addition, individual level of trait anxiety was positively correlated with the framing effect size. However, trait anxiety was not correlated with risk-avoidance ratio in any condition. Finally, the relationship between anxiety and the framing effect remained significant after the level of depression was also taken into account. The theoretical significance and the major limitations of this study are discussed

Evidenzbasierte Psychotherapie der Panikstörung mit und ohne Agoraphobie : ein Überblick zur S1-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie

Alpers GW, Gerlach AL, Heinrichs N. Evidence-based psychotherapy of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Psychotherapeut. 2011;56(6):535-548.From the evidence reported in the recent guidelines [Heinrichs et al. (2009) Evidenzbasierte Leitlinie zur Psychotherapie der Panikstorung mit und ohne Agoraphobie. Hogrefe, Gottingen] the following conclusions can be drawn with respect to the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, as well as for agoraphobia without panic disorder: Every psychotherapy should be preceded by suitable diagnostics and a case formulation. The effectiveness of every psychotherapy should be evaluated with well established measures. For the treatment of panic disorder without agoraphobia, cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) and applied relaxation have been shown to be effective (evidence grade 1). For panic disorder with agoraphobia, CBT, combination treatment (CBT plus medication), as well as panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy in the outpatient setting have shown short-term effectiveness (evidence grade 1). Longer lasting effects have been documented for CBT (evidence grade 1). For agoraphobia without panic disorder, CBT with a focus on situational exposure can be recommended (evidence grade 1)

Cell phone-supported cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders: a protocol for effectiveness studies in frontline settings

The resulting protocol (NCT01205191 at clinicaltrials.gov) for use in frontline clinical practice in which effectiveness, adherence, and the role of the therapists are analyzed, provides evidence for what are truly valuable cell phone-supported CBT treatments and guidance for the broader introduction of CBT in health services.Original Publication:Joakim Ekberg, Toomas Timpka, Magnus Bång, Anders Fröberg, Karin Halje and Henrik Eriksson, Cell phone-supported cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders: a protocol for effectiveness studies in frontline settings., 2011, BMC medical research methodology, (11), 3.http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-3Copyright: BioMed Centralhttp://www.biomedcentral.com

The efficacy of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in treating depressive and anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of direct comparisons.

Although psychotherapy and antidepressant medication are efficacious in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders, it is not known whether they are equally efficacious for all types of disorders, and whether all types of psychotherapy and antidepressants are equally efficacious for each disorder. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies in which psychotherapy and antidepressant medication were directly compared in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders. Systematic searches in bibliographical databases resulted in 67 randomized trials, including 5,993 patients that met inclusion criteria, 40 studies focusing on depressive disorders and 27 focusing on anxiety disorders. The overall effect size indicating the difference between psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy after treatment in all disorders was g=0.02 (95% CI: -0.07 to 0.10), which was not statistically significant. Pharmacotherapy was significantly more efficacious than psychotherapy in dysthymia (g=0.30), and psychotherapy was significantly more efficacious than pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder (g=0.64). Furthermore, pharmacotherapy was significantly more efficacious than non-directive counseling (g=0.33), and psychotherapy was significantly more efficacious than pharmacotherapy with tricyclic antidepressants (g=0.21). These results remained significant when we controlled for other characteristics of the studies in multivariate meta-regression analysis, except for the differential effects in dysthymia, which were no longer statistically significant. Copyright © 2013 World Psychiatric Association