Signal mixer for optical heterodyne receiver

Incoming signal is mixed with local oscillator signal by a beam splitter inside laser cavity. Laser power can be reduced by 50 to 100 times

U.S. Manufacturing in International Perspective

The health of the U.S. manufacturing sector has long been of great concern to Congress. The decline in manufacturing employment since the start of the 21st century has stimulated particular congressional interest. Members have introduced hundreds of bills intended to support domestic manufacturing activity in various ways. The proponents of such measures frequently contend that the United States is by various measures falling behind other countries in manufacturing, and they argue that this relative decline can be mitigated or reversed by government policy. This report is designed to inform the debate over the health of U.S. manufacturing through a series of charts and tables that depict the position of the United States relative to other countries according to various metrics. Understanding which trends in manufacturing reflect factors that may be unique to the United States and which are related to broader changes in technology or consumer preferences may be helpful in formulating policies intended to aid firms or workers engaged in manufacturing activity. This report does not describe or discuss specific policy options

The Economic Effects of a Corporate Tax Reform

This thesis points out the inefficiencies associated with the corporate income tax system in the United States. After reviewing alternatives, I suggest adapting a consumed income tax to form a new ‘progressive consumed income tax’ to take us into the 21st century. Using current data from international tax system changes, international tax rate comparisons, economic theory, and economists’ views I will provide evidence to support my argument that the progressive consumed-income tax is the best possible plan for economic growth in America. With the implementation of a consumption-based tax, the corporate income tax is completely eliminated. I will demonstrate the economic effects of this change as well as provide a model for a progressive consumed-income tax system. The simplicity, efficiency, administrative ease, and economic incentives provided by a consumption-based tax are overwhelmingly positive. This economic analysis will prove that the move to the progressive consumed-income tax is the best option when looking at tax reform

Dephasing in a quantum dot due to coupling with a quantum point contact

We consider the dephasing of an one-electron state in a quantum dot due to charge fluctuations in a biased quantum point contact coupled to the dot capacitively. The contribution to the dephasing rate due to the bias depends on temperature and bias in the same way as shot-noise in the point contact at zero frequency, but do not follow the |t|^2(1-|t|^2) suppression.Comment: 6 pages, no figures, Europhysics Letters styl

What is Law?

You broke the law. There should be a law. Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la liberte de la presse. It is the law of God. It is the law of our ancestors. It is a law of nature. It is the second law of thermodynamics. It is the tax code. What is law? What common concept is expressed in the many uses of the word law and its synonyms? What single concept of law is encompassed in its encoding in scientific, judicial, and customary forms? Since understandings of law can be culture specific, what concept of law is common across social systems? This paper will develop a definition of law--and a way to measure the binding power of a law or legal system--that is applicable across forms and civilizations. In developing the definition, the paper will demonstrate that a QBist understanding of quantum mechanics can serve as a Rosetta Stone which allows us to reconcile Western and non-Western scientific systems.Comment: Minor corrections and updates. 16 page