Investigating Disparities in Behavior and Care between Alaska Native and Non-Hispanic White Victims of Sexual Violence: The Importance of Culturally Competent Nursing Care

The purpose of this research was to determine the existence of health care disparities experienced by Alaska Native women victims of sexual violence and to address the need for sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) to provide culturally competent care. This was a secondary data analysis of research collected from over 1,600 Alaska SANE surveys between 1996-2006. Variables investigated included: behaviors during examination, condition during assault, time from assault to report, hospital admittance, injuries sustained, and victim-suspect relationships. Alaska Native women were described as having less controlled behavior, being less cooperative, and less likely to be sober; they also often suffered more physically traumatic assaults than non-Hispanic white women victims. This research provides support for the need to include cultural competency training in the preparation curriculum for SANEs working with the Alaska Native population and urges SANEs to collaborate with cultural groups to ensure the delivery of culturally sensitive care

Integrated circuit flat-pack lead bender

Tool bends leads quickly and accurately for mounting on printed circuit boards. It has grooves and bend-angles aligned for particular circuit board applications

Sharing Variable Returns of Cooperation

A finite set of agents jointly undertake a project. Depending on the aggregate of individual agent characteristics the project runs losses or profits, which have to be shared. This paper adopts the mechanistic view and concentrates on devices that a contingent planner may use in order to share the net profits. The Moulin and Shenker (1994) representation theorem is used to show that additive mechanisms with the constant returns property relate 1 to 1 to rationing methods. Refinements are discussed dealing with monotonicity and equity properties that relate to the dispersion of shares. The second part introduces the notion of a consistent solution. Each rationing method induced by a consistent mechanism is consistent. If such mechanism is continuous as well, then the corresponding rationing method is parametric in the terminology of Young (1998) and Moulin (2000). Most prevalent mechanisms (average, serial, Shapley-Shubik) are consistent as member of the class of incremental mechanisms. Each interval consistent incremental mechanism is shown to be a composition of marginal mechanisms and the average mechanism. Immediately the average mechanism is the unique strongly consistent solution. Finally a characterization of mechanisms within the general class is discussed using super-additivity.

Spin-off firms and individual start-ups. Are they really different?

In the field of firm demography, spin-offs have recently attracted attention as a very successful form of new firm formation. Policy makers see spin-offs as particularly fertile innovators in an economy. Theoretically, following lines of thought from the resource-based theory, spin-offs are also expected to perform better than other start-ups that lack the resource base spin-offs inherited from their mother companies. This paper shows, based on an empirical study of American entrepreneurs (ERC-dataset) that spin-offs are indeed a step ahead of firms that do not receive support from a third party company. In the early stages of their existence, spin-offs are leading other new firms in the development of their products, spin-offs show an increased tendency to hire personnel, and spin-offs receive their first income sooner than other firms. At start-up, spin-outs hardly differ from individual start-ups, which have not received any back-up during the gestation process. After one year they seem to perform slightly better.

TAKING THE FIRST HURDLE IN NEW FIRM FORMATION. THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC SKILLS AND SUPPORT ON SURVIVAL DURING THE FOUNDING PROCESS

Successful firms are important elements of sound economic development. In order to understand the factors that influence firm success many studies have addressed this issue. Success factors in the nascent phase of firm formation are however still unclear. Even as early as in the founding stage, however, firms are discontinued and the processes in this phase hold important information about success factors. This study addresses the founding success of several founding types, including spin-outs and spin-offs. It finds that industry-specific experience of the founders is a crucial success factor. Direct support from a parent firm does however not always enhance survival. Independence rather than support appears to be important for starting a successful firm.Entrepreneurship, survival, resources-based theories

Cost Sharing, Differential Games, and the Moulin-Shenker Rule

The Moulin-Shenker rule (Sprumont (1998)) is a nonlinear solution concept for solving heterogeneous cost sharing problems. The first part of the paper shows an axiomatic characterization of this solution using bounds on cost shares and consistency. The second part is devoted to differential games for heterogeneous production problems. It is shown for 2-player games that by an appropriate choice of the game dynamics there is essentially a unique Markov perfect Nash equilibrium. An axiomatic analysis follows for the appropriate game dynamics, which leads in turn to a strategic characterization of the Moulin-Shenker rule.

Taking the First Hurdle. The Effects of Industry Specific Skills and Support on Survival During the Founding Process

Spin-offs are considered successful founding efforts. The combination of relevant industry specific knowledge and direct support from a parent company make these firms stand out from the rest. Spin-offs are usually defined on the basis of the previous employment positions of the entrepreneurs. This method disregards the process of resource transfer that theoretically explains the differences in performance with other foundings. This paper offers an empirical analysis based on the actual resource transfer from parent firm to founding. Using the ERC dataset, entrepreneurial skills are used to explain the successful conclusion of the founding process. Having skills related to production seems to be beneficial, especially when the founding effort also receives support from the parent company. Receiving support as such does not render any positive results. Next to the effect of production skills, industry experience adds to the explanation of successful founding. It is probable that skills related to market knowledge, being part of a network, and reputation enhance chances of pre-entry survival as well.

Multi-Service Serial Cost Sharing: A Characterization of the Moulin-Shenker Rule

We focus on the Moulin-Shenker cost sharing rule as a natural extension of the serial rule to multi-service facilities where services are personalized. We show that it is the unique regular rule that is compatible with scale invariance and self consistency.Serial cost sharing;multi-service facilities