5,419 research outputs found
Nature of segregation of reactants in diffusion controlled A+B reactions: Role of mobility in forming compact clusters
We investigate the A+B=0 bimolecular chemical reaction taking place in
low-dimensional spaces when the mobilities of the two reacting species are not
equal. While the case of different reactant mobilities has been previously
reported as not affecting the scaling of the reactant densities with time, but
only the pre-exponential factor, the mechanism for this had not been explained
before. By using Monte-Carlo simulations we show that the nature of segregation
is very different when compared to the normal case of equal reactant
mobilities. The clusters of the mobile species are statistically homogeneous
and randomly distributed in space, but the clusters of the less mobile species
are much more compact and restricted in space. Due to the asymmetric
mobilities, the initial symmetric random density fluctuations in time turn into
asymmetric density fluctuations. We explain this trend by calculating the
correlation functions for the positions of particles for the several different
cases
Cultural Variation in Response to Strategic Display of Emotions During Negotiations
This research employed two studies to examine how cultural values and norms influence the effectiveness of the strategic displays of emotions during negotiations. In cross-cultural settings, we evaluated whether the strategic display of emotion impacted the outcomes of negotiations. The display of positive emotion is consistent with the manner in which many Asian negotiators communicate respect through humility and deference. The major hypothesis is whether Asian negotiators who highly regard cultural values such as tradition and conformity would be more likely to accept an offer from an opposing party who displayed positive as opposed to negative emotion. Study 1 using Asian MBA students confirmed this hypothesis. Study 2 replicated this finding with a sample of Hong Kong executive managers and also found they were less likely to accept an offer from a negotiator displaying negative emotion than Israeli executive managers who did not hold humility and deference in such high regard. Outcome implications for strategic display of emotions in cross-cultural negotiations are discussed.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49354/1/1064-Kopelman.pd
The Herdsman and the Sheep, Mouton, or Kivsa? The Influence of Group Culture on Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
This chapter suggests that it is important to incorporate the concept of culture into both the theoretical frameworks and the empirical research on cooperation in social dilemmas. It proposes a broader interpretation of the appropriateness framework (March, 1994) in decision making in social dilemmas (Messick, 1999; Weber, Kopelman, and Messick, 2004) that includes group culture. It does not diminish the contribution of the appropriateness framework that teases apart the identity from recognition of the situation and the relevant rules, but rather offers a model that also encompasses group culture as a distinct fourth construct. Thus, when faced with the choice to cooperate or defect, rather than being guided strictly by rational choice or expected utility models, a decision-maker may be best guided by the question: âwhat does a person like me do in a situation like this given this group culture?âhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49422/1/1066-Kopelman.pd
Benzene Vibrational Exciton Spectrum
A critical discussion of the infrared polarization assignments of Zwerdling and Halford, in view of the now accepted benzene crystal structure, leads to acceptance of their results, though with somewhat reduced credibility. The controversial 707âcmâ1 absorption is assigned as the B2 interchange component (b axis polarized) of the a2u fundamental (674âcmâ1 gasâphase) exciton band. The resulting, unusually large, static and dynamic exciton interaction terms are tabulated. Recent calculations based on atomâatom interactions are in reasonable agreement with the above results.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71308/2/JCPSA6-47-9-3227-1.pd
Tit for Tat and Beyond: The Legendary Work of Anatol Rapoport
This article pays tribute to Anatol Rapoport. Rapoportâs contributions spanned scientific disciplines and included the application of mathematical models to biology and the social sciences, alongside metatheoretical work bridging semantics, ethics, and philosophy. Known for formulating the âTit for Tatâ strategy, his approach to game theory reflected a nuanced understanding of knowledge, wisdom, and ethics; the differences, for example, between modeling behaviorâwhat works as an algorithm in a structured gameâand solving complex human social interactions. While developing a science of human conflict, Rapoport focused on simple ideas to promote cooperation; his ultimate goal was to foster world peace. A career overview alongside testimonials by scholars and family provide a glimpse of Anatol Rapoport, the scientist and the person. The legacy and thinking of Anatol Rapoport continue to resonate and reverberate today whenever we conduct rigorous scholarship toward transforming conflict into peaceful harmony, whether among people or nations.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153763/1/ncmr12172.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153763/2/ncmr12172_am.pd
The negro and his political rights.
Typewritten sheets in cover.
Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
Bibliography: p. 75-76
Front localization in a ballistic annihilation model
We study the possibility of localization of the front present in a
one-dimensional ballistically-controlled annihilation model in which the two
annihilating species are initially spatially separated. We construct two
different classes of initial conditions, for which the front remains localized.Comment: Using elsart (Elsevier Latex macro) and epsf. 12 Pages, 2 epsf
figures. Submitted to Physica
Finite-Size Scaling Studies of Reaction-Diffusion Systems Part III: Numerical Methods
The scaling exponent and scaling function for the 1D single species
coagulation model are shown to be universal, i.e. they are
not influenced by the value of the coagulation rate. They are independent of
the initial conditions as well. Two different numerical methods are used to
compute the scaling properties: Monte Carlo simulations and extrapolations of
exact finite lattice data. These methods are tested in a case where analytical
results are available. It is shown that Monte Carlo simulations can be used to
compute even the correction terms. To obtain reliable results from finite-size
extrapolations exact numerical data for lattices up to ten sites are
sufficient.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures uuencoded, BONN HE-94-0
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