Managing the Black Sea Anchovy Fishery with Nutrient Enrichment and a Biological Invader

Many marine systems are subject to high nutrient loadings together with invasions by exotic species. Devising appropriate management responses is an increasing concern and one that has received relatively little attention from researchers. This paper considers the Black Sea anchovy fishery, which has benefited from the relaxation of a nutrient constraint, but has suffered from competition and predation by an invading comb-jelly (Mnemiopsis leidyi). We examine alternative hypotheses about the mechanism triggering outbreaks of the invader (sea temperatures versus nutrients), and the severity of these outbreaks, to see whether a constant escapement policy might be optimal for this fishery. If nutrient levels serve as the triggering mechanism, we argue a mixed blessing effect may be present, so that the effects of nutrient abatement for the anchovy fishery are uncertain. We specify our model empirically and show that a constant escapement policy would be viable under a scenario of reduced impacts from outbreaks of the invader and that nutrient abatement could be beneficial if nutrients trigger outbreaks.Mnemiopsis leidyi, nutrient abatement, stochastic bioeconomic model, biological invasion, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, O3, O41, Q2, Q20, Q22,

The nature and impact of police/mentoring relationships on the attitudes and behaviours of youth.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of police mentoring relationships with youth on their attitudes and behaviours toward authority figures. The data was collected through a Case Study of the Essex Ontario Provincial Police Cop Camp. A random sample of 15 youths was studied. The participants were chosen by their teacher and their VIP officer because they showed some leadership potential but needed some discipline in that area. The counsellors of the camp were all O.P.P. officers who volunteered their time in order for the camp to be able to function. The participants of the camp were interviewed before and after their camp experiences, were asked to keep a journal and their parents were interviewed one month after camp was finished. In general, the results indicated that there was an impact on the youth created by the close relations they made with their counsellors who were police officers for the O.P.P. Their attitudes towards the role of the police officer were positive, and the participants all gained leadership skills while working under the strict expectations of the officers at the camp.Dept. of Education. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2006 .K569. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-01, page: 0175. Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2006

The Fiduciary Duties of Joint Venture Parties – When do They Arise and What Do They Comprise?

Joint Ventures are often used by parties in commercial enterprises where parties seek to achieve a common goal. One issue which is increasingly contentious is the extent to which, if any, joint venture parties owe each other fiduciary obligations. This paper refutes, as a dangerous heresy, the idea that joint venture relationships are discrete legal relationships that are inherently fiduciary in nature. The majority of self-styled "joint ventures" are, invariably, nothing more in legal terms than contracts. If parties are going to be bound by fiduciary duties, over and above the contractual duties they owe each other, this will only be so by virtue of the particular arrangement they have entered into which, on a thorough examination of the facts, is found to require each party to give unstinting loyalty to the other. Recent Australian case law bears this out

Disrupting unlawful exclusion from school of minoritised children and young people racialized as Black: using Critical Race Theory composite counter-storytelling

Utilising Critical Race Theory (CRT) as the analytical lens and CRT composite counter-storytelling as the method, this paper seeks to illuminate the experiences of minoritised children and young people racialised as Black in relation to encounters with the exclusionary practice called ‘off-rolling’. We conceptualise off-rolling as a hidden process of exclusion in education, and the stories shared in this paper bring into sharp focus the educational, relational and emotional impacts of camouflaged exclusionary practices. We offer four composite stories of exclusion to demonstrate how some of the most vulnerable, excluded, and marginalised young Black people from English urban cities experience further marginalisation because off-rolling, we argue, places learners in a space (both physically and educationally) located beyond care and inclusion. Storytelling is mobilised as a central method in CRT for challenging and exposing exclusionary practices, as it foregrounds the knowledge and lived experience of people of colour and we explore the processes of constructing such counter-stories. As an encouragement to reflection and critical conversation about unlawful exclusion and racial disparities, this paper was written with three goals in mind. The first is that it may inspire educators of colour to tell counter-stories that name their own reality and experiences of exclusion. Second, that in reading and responding to counter-stories, white educators will be encouraged to develop their own racial literacy. Finally, the third goal is that the call to action is answered from within and beyond the confines of academia, where inclusion and racial justice in education can no longer be left to wait

Rocks and Hard Places: Exploring Educational Psychologists’ Perspectives on “Off-Rolling” or Illegal Exclusionary Practices in Mainstream Secondary Schools in England

Research being undertaken by the Universities of Exeter and Plymouth is exploring educational psychologists’ knowledge of, and perspectives on, exclusionary practices in schools in England, particularly illegal practices referred to as “off-rolling”. Preliminary findings from the survey element of a mixed methods research project are reported here. The role of business models in the provision of educational psychology services to schools is considered through the conceptual lens of Giroux, Agamben and Ball to highlight ambiguities around the client relationship and to recast individualised ethical dilemmas as systemic features that inhibit direct challenges to school practices relating to inclusion. It is suggested that traded and privatised services risk implicating educational psychologists in schools’ management of the (in)visibility of “off-rolling” and the manufactured legitimacy of varied exclusionary practices

Long-term weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors are not different following weight loss on carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein in obese hyperinsulinaemic men and women

The aim of this study was to determine after 52 weeks whether advice to follow a lower carbohydrate diet, either high in monounsaturated fat or low fat, high in protein had differential effects in a free-living community setting. Following weight loss on either a high monounsaturated fat, standard protein (HMF; 50 % fat, 20 % protein (67 g/d), 30 % carbohydrate) or a high protein, moderate fat (HP) (40 % protein (136 g/d), 30 % fat, 30 % carbohydrate) energy-restricted diet (6000 kJ/d) subjects were asked to maintain the same dietary pattern without intensive dietary counselling for the following 36 weeks. Overall weight loss was 6·2 (sd 7·3) kg (P < 0·01 for time with no diet effect, 7·6 (sd 8·1) kg, HMF v. 4·8 (sd 6·6) kg, HP). In a multivariate regression model predictors of weight loss at the end of the study were sex, age and reported percentage energy from protein (R2 0·22, P < 0·05 for the whole model). Fasting plasma insulin decreased (P < 0·01, with no difference between diets), 13·9 (sd 4·6) to 10·2 (sd 5·2) mIU/l, but fasting plasma glucose was not reduced. Neither total cholesterol nor LDL-cholesterol were different but HDL was higher, 1·19 (sd 0·26) v. 1·04 (sd 0·29) (P < 0·001 for time, no diet effect), while TAG was lower, 1·87 (sd 1·23) v. 2·22 (sd 1·15) mmol/l (P < 0·05 for time, no diet effect). C-reactive protein decreased (3·97 (sd 2·84) to 2·43 (sd 2·29) mg/l, P < 0·01). Food records showed that compliance to the prescribed dietary patterns was poor. After 1 year there remained a clinically significant weight loss and improvement in cardiovascular risk factors with no adverse effects of a high monounsaturated fat diet.Jennifer B. Keogh, Natalie D. Luscombe-Marsh, Manny Noakes, Gary A. Wittert and Peter M. Clifto

To what extent can the experience of outdoor learning contexts prevent permanent school exclusion for older learners? A visual analysis

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IATED via the DOI in this record.We report on a one-year project that focused on outdoor learning experiences for learners 12 - 14 years of age in a woodland environment in the UK. We wanted to investigate the ways in which experience in the outdoor environment could potentially mitigate school factors such as practitioner values and attitudes, learner motivation and engagement [1] that contribute to the processes of permanent school exclusion and therefore examine the claim that outdoor learning could provide an ‘alternative’ to using exclusion as a disciplinary sanction [2]. Permanent school exclusion has been rising in the UK since 2014 and the number of permanent exclusions in England in 2016 rose from 6,685 to 7,720 pupils in 2017 [3] and it is particularly prevalent in the age group involved in this project. While some argue that outdoor learning is often evangelised as a panacea for the shortcomings of school environments, particularly for very young learners [4], we draw on the work presented in [5] to make a case for the ways in which outdoor experiences can contribute to the learning needs of older learners at risk of permanent exclusion. We analysed a sample of 102 photographs taken by the project team during the practical sessions in the woodland. We devised a set of categories for coding the images based on our theoretical and pedagogical concerns, and from our reading of empirical literature. Two members of the project team tried out our initial coding categories with the sample in order to check for exhaustiveness and exclusivity, and to try and avoid overlap of codes [6]. Photographs were then coded independently by the four members of the project team using the agreed coding framework. We ask critical questions about the ways in which space, risk, resources, outdoor pedagogies and adult identities can be mobilised to support the learning needs of young people who find school a difficult place to be. In this presentation we will use a selection of photographs to demonstrate that our approach to Visual Content Analysis, drawing on [6] in using a methodologically explicit approach to analysing visual evidence, can produce results that are valid and theoretically ‘interesting’. We interpret the implications of our analysis for educational professionals who want to learn more about preventing permanent exclusion

Local Fishing Communities and Nature Based Tourism in Baja, México: An Inter-Sectoral Valuation of Environmental Inputs

Nature-based tourism is often advocated as a desirable conservation strategy for smallscale fishing communities as it gives local people motivation to protect wildlife and ecosystems that attract visitors, while benefiting the community. However, valuation of environmental inputs in nature-based tourism, for instance charismatic species or scenic amenities, needs to be done correctly. Often, there are inter-sectoral costs and benefits involved that are not counted, so that determining the value of the environmental inputs to local communities may be more complex than simpler calculations might indicate. We model whales as an input to the production of wildlife viewing trips, but recognize that this occurs within a community dependent on a seasonal fishery. Standard theory suggests that industry will switch from fishing to whale watching every year when whale watching becomes marginally more profitable than fishing. We develop a simple theoretical model that allows us to analyze the interaction between the extractive and the non-extractive activities. As a case study, we use whale watching in the small coastal communities of the Bahía Magdalena lagoon complex in Baja, México.Alberto Ansuategi thanks financial support from the Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad (ECO-2015-68023) and the Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT-799-13 and MV-2017-1-0008)

The effect of oestradiol-17beta on RNA synthesis in the uterus of the immature rat

1) The action of oestradiol at a molecular level, together with the current concepts of INA synthesis, maturation and transport are reviewed, IINA synthesis is investigated and characterized in the uterus of 18-21 day old rats responding to oestradiol-17beta. 2) The observed stimulation of RNA synthesis, in the uterus of rats treated with oestradiol-17beta is markedly dependent on the route of injection of precursor. After intraperitoneal administration of radioactive precursors, response is low and variable. Conversely, intravenous injection of precursor gives rise to a marked stimulation of RNA synthesis which is far in excess of the stimulated uptake into the acid-soluble pools and indicates that the increased uptake into RNA represents a real stimulation in RNA synthesis. Subcutaneous injection of precursor gives an intermediate response. 3) 18-21 day old rats respond maximally to a dose of 0.3?g/rat or more of oestradiol-17beta, the degree of response being dependent on the weight of the animals within the age range, 4) In vitro synthesis of ISIA, in uteri excised from oestrogen-treated rats, is only slightly stimulated and the increase can be accounted for by hormone-activated uptake of precursor. 5) The purification and separation of uterine RNA on polyacrylamide gels, agarose gels and sucrose density gradients is described. 6) The earliest detected effect of oestradiol is the stimulated synthesis of a very-high molecular weight RNA from approximately 30min after the administration of oestrndiol-17beta. The rapid synthesis and decay of this species, together with its nuclear location, absence of methylation and its base composition, permits its identification as heterogeneous nuclear RNA. The HnRNA made in response to oestradiol varies considerably in size. 7) Since evidence is accummulating that HnRNA contains polynucleotide sequences which ultimately become messengers, it is suggested that the stimulated production of this species in the uterus of oestrogen-treated rats may reflect hormone-induced rRNA synthesis and the translation of the messengers into protein may be a necessary prerequisite for stimulated rRNA synthesis and subsequent hormone augmented differentiation. 8) A striking change in the uteri of rats exposed to oestradiol is the stimulated synthesis of ribosomal RNA. When purified RNA is separated on 2.7% polyacrylamide gels, synthesis can he followed from the 45S precursor, through the 32S precursor and into the ribosomal submit species. Synthesis is first stimulated at, or shortly after, 1h of oestrogen treatment and is greatly increased 2 and 4h after hormone administration. Some evidence is presented that, in addition to increasing the rate of transcription of rRNA, oestradiol may also stimulate the rate of rRNA maturation together with its transport into the cytoplasm. 9) The fate of newly-synthesized ribosomes in oestrogen-treated uterine cells is investigated. As a consequence of hormone administration, pre-existing and newly-synthesized ribosomes appear to aggregate into polysomes but there are few membrane-bound ribosomes either before or after hormone treatment. The features of the induced production of ribosomes in immature rat uteri are discussed in relation to the current concepts of their involvement in hormone action. 10) Oestrogen-induced synthesis of tRNA may precede slightly the increase in rRNA synthesis, since the labelling of 45 RNA is clearly elevated 1h after hormone administration. Synthesis of both 45 and 55 RNA is strongly stimulated after 2 and 4h of oestrogen treatment. 11) The increased synthesis of rRNA in response to oestrodiol-17beta is acre strongly inhibited by actinomycin D than the synthesis of other RNA species. Cycloheximide, depending on the time of administration and dosage, inhibits either RNA synthesis or the maturation of rRNA