プラズマエッチングにおけるパーティクルの検出と発生機構に関する研究

要約のみTohoku University安藤晃課

Endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy for Raynaud's phenomenon

AbstractPurpose: For many years, thoracic sympathectomy via open surgery was not used to treat Raynaud's phenomenon because of the invasiveness of this procedure and the poor long-term outcomes associated with it. However, with the introduction of endoscopic surgery, thoracic sympathectomy (or sympathicotomy) has been performed by some surgeons as a less invasive surgical option for patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. The less invasive procedure has the possibility of emphasizing merits of sympathectomy. The purpose of this study was to reevaluate the efficacy of sympathicotomy for Raynaud's phenomenon with endoscopic technique and its range of applicability. Methods: Between December 1992 and August 2001, endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy (ETS) was performed in 28 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (of a total of 502 patients with autonomic disorders who underwent ETS) at National Kanazawa Hospital. We considered indications for surgical treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon to include severe chronic symptoms or nonhealing digital ulceration refractory to intensive medical therapy. All patients were mailed a self-assessment questionnaire after surgery to determine the immediate and long-term results of the procedure. Data from both initial and long-term follow-up examinations were obtained. Results: Fifty-four ETS procedures were performed in 28 patients. No operative mortality was seen, and no occurrence of major complications necessitated open surgery. Initial resolution or improvement of symptoms was achieved in 26 of 28 patients (92.9%). However, later in the postoperative period, symptoms recurred in 23 of 28 patients (82.1%), although no recurrence of digital ulceration was seen throughout our observation. At the final follow-up examination (median follow-up period, 62.5 months), 25 patients (89.3%) reported overall improvement of the frequency and severity of their symptoms. Conclusion: Despite the high rate of recurrence, ETS clearly produced a high rate of initial relief. ETS did indeed promote healing of digital ulcers, and the procedure shows potential for reducing the severity of refractory symptoms. We consider ETS to be the method of choice for treatment of severe or refractory Raynaud's phenomenon, and especially for Raynaud's involving digital ulcer, because of its safety and efficacy. (J Vasc Surg 2002;36:57-61.

Morphology of Mouse Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Complex Changes Following Exercise During Pubertal Growth

Postnatal development and the physiological loading response of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) complex (ACL proper, entheses, and bony morphology) is not well understood. We tested whether the ACL-complex of two inbred mouse strains that collectively encompass the musculoskeletal variation observed in humans would demonstrate significant morphological differences following voluntary cage-wheel running during puberty compared with normal cage activity controls. Female A/J and C57BL/6J (B6) 6-week-old mice were provided unrestricted access to a standard cage-wheel for 4 weeks. A/J-exercise mice showed a 6.3% narrower ACL (p-=-0.64), and a 20.1% more stenotic femoral notch (p-<-0.01) while B6-exercise mice showed a 12.3% wider ACL (p-=-0.10), compared with their respective controls. Additionally, A/J-exercise mice showed a 5.3% less steep posterior medial tibial slope (p-=-0.07) and an 8.8% less steep posterior lateral tibial slope (p-=-0.07), while B6-exercise mice showed a 9.8% more steep posterior medial tibial slope (p-<-0.01) than their respective controls. A/J-exercise mice also showed more reinforcement of the ACL tibial enthesis with a 20.4% larger area (p-<-0.01) of calcified fibrocartilage distributed at a 29.2% greater depth (p-=-0.02) within the tibial enthesis, compared with their controls. These outcomes suggest exercise during puberty significantly influences ACL-complex morphology and that inherent morphological differences between these mice, as observed in their less active genetically similar control groups, resulted in a divergent phenotypic outcome between mouse strains. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1910-1919, 2019Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151297/1/jor24328.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151297/2/jor24328_am.pd

ヒト動脈硬化性大動脈瘤におけるマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ: その発現・局在と大動脈瘤形成における役割

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1171号, 学位授与年月日：平成7年3月25日,学位授与年：199

IgG4-related vascular disease

IgG4 関連疾患（IgG4-relared disease; IgG4-RD）は，血清の IgG4 高値，組織での多数の IgG4陽性の形質細胞浸潤と線維増生を特徴とする疾患群である . 発見から 10 年以上経過し，全身ほぼ全ての臓器に発生しうる事や免疫異常が病因に関わる事等など，病態の理解も進んできた．　腹部大動脈瘤の一亜型に，動脈壁肥厚や炎症細胞浸潤が特徴的な炎症性腹部大動脈瘤 がある．IgG4-RD が多中心性の繊維増殖性疾患の視点から， 我々は炎症性腹部大動脈瘤の約半数が IgG4-RD である事を解明し，臨床病理像をまとめてきた . その後，心血管領域での IgG4-RD の探索を進め，大血管のみならず中型血管，冠動脈，大腿動脈等の末梢血管にまで発生することや，その多くが炎症性動脈瘤或いは動脈周囲炎を呈することも解明し，現在では1gG4 関連血管病変の概念が確立してきた . 本稿では，頻度が高く，prototype となる IgG4 関連炎症性腹部大動脈瘤から説明し， 胸部大動脈，中型動脈，心病変などについても，疾患概念，診断，臨床像，病理像，治療等の概略を示す．IgG4-related disease （IgG4-RD） is a new disease entity characterized by serum IgG4 elevation, and pathological IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration and fibrosis in the affected organs. It occurs in almost all organs of the whole body and its pathogenesis is associated with immune disorder.Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm （IAAA） is a special subtype of abdominal aortic aneurysm characterized by arterial wall thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration. From the viewpoint of multicentric fibrous proliferative diseases, we focused on the histological similarity of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis and IAAA, and about half of all cases of IAAA were clarified as IgG4-RD. We have estimated the clinicopathological characteristics of IgG4-RD occurring in the cardiovascular organs, not only in large vessels but also in peripheral blood vessels, such as medium-sized blood vessels, coronary artery, and femoral artery, etc. In addition, we showed that IgG4-RD occurred in the cardiovascular organs seen morphologically as inflammatory aneurysms or periarteritis, which were tumorous lesions surrounding the aorta or artery. This article first discusses IgG4-related IAAA, because of it was the just prototype of IgG4-RD in vascular organs, and then presents an outline of the disease concept, diagnosis, clinicopathological features, pathology, and treatment, in the thoracic aorta, middle-level arteries, cardiac lesions, etc

The interfascicular matrix enables fascicle sliding and recovery in tendon, and behaves more elastically in energy storing tendons

While the predominant function of all tendons is to transfer force from muscle to bone and position the limbs, some tendons additionally function as energy stores, reducing the cost of locomotion. Energy storing tendons experience extremely high strains and need to be able to recoil efficiently for maximum energy storage and return. In the equine forelimb, the energy storing superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) has much higher failure strains than the positional common digital extensor tendon (CDET). However, we have previously shown that this is not due to differences in the properties of the SDFT and CDET fascicles (the largest tendon subunits). Instead, there is a greater capacity for interfascicular sliding in the SDFT which facilitates the greater extensions in this particular tendon (Thorpe et al., 2012). In the current study, we exposed fascicles and interfascicular matrix (IFM) from the SDFT and CDET to cyclic loading followed by a test to failure. The results show that IFM mechanical behaviour is not a result of irreversible deformation, but the IFM is able to withstand cyclic loading, and is more elastic in the SDFT than in the CDET. We also assessed the effect of ageing on IFM properties, demonstrating that the IFM is less able to resist repetitive loading as it ages, becoming stiffer with increasing age in the SDFT. These results provide further indications that the IFM is important for efficient function in energy storing tendons, and age-related alterations to the IFM may compromise function and predispose older tendons to injury

Science-in-brief: What is needed to prevent tendon injury in equine athletes? A conversation between researchers and industry stakeholders

No abstract available