467 research outputs found

    Indirect Tax Reforms and Public Goods under Imperfect Competition

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    This paper examines, within an imperfectly competitive environment with public goods, the welfare effects of three popular indirect tax reforms: i) a tariff cut combined with an equal increase in the consumption tax, ii) a tariff cut combined with an increase in the consumption tax that leaves consumer price unchanged, and iii) an export tax reduction combined with an equal increase in the production tax. It is shown that the welfare effects of these reforms are ambiguous, in that they depend on the strength of the consumers’ valuation of the public goods. This result contrasts existing results in the literature that ignores public goods provision.Tariff Reform, Tax Reform, Imperfect Competition, Public goods

    The Greek Merchants of Moschopolis

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    Moschopolitans, the residents of Moschopolis, enjoyed remarkable economic growth and prosperity. The first written records, referring to this shift and proving the commercial presence of Moschopolitans in Venice, have already appeared in the 16th century and consist mainly of correspondence. Exports of processed and unprocessed wool and the development of commercial contacts with markets of Venice constitute proof of the developed livestock in the studied area, which soon led to surplus products and the need for migration in search of new markets. So, a mountainous enclave was formed. The fabric was produced and exported to foreign markets and contributed to the initial formation of the “Industrial Revolution” in the Turkish-occupied country. Gradually, small domestic industries became the most important economic factor of the mountainous area throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. The article studies the trade relations of Moschopolitans with the ports of Venice, Dyrrachium (Durrës) and Ragusa (Dubrovnik), through the commercial correspondence, the role of the Venetian consul (bailo) in Dyrrachium, Moschopolitans relations with the authorities of Constantinople and Dyrrachium and how and why they gradually withdrew from the markets of Venice

    Does Indirect Tax Harmonization Deliver Pareto Improvements in the Presence of Global Public Goods?

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    This paper identifies conditions under which, starting from any tax distorting equilibrium, destination- and origin-based indirect tax-harmonizing reforms are potentially Pareto improving in the presence of global public goods. The first condition (unrequited transfers between governments) requires that transfers are designed in such a way that the marginal valuations of the global public goods are equalized, whereas the second (conditional revenue changes) requires that the change in global tax revenues, as a consequence of tax harmonization, is consistent with the direction of inefficiency in global public good provision relative to the (modified) Samuelson rule. Under these conditions, tax harmonization results in redistributing the gains from a reduction in global deadweight loss and any changes in global tax revenues according to the Pareto principle. And this is the case independently of the tax principle in place (destination or origin).origin principle, destination principle, indirect tax harmonization, reform of commodity taxes, global/local public goods

    EDUCATORS’ KNOWLEDGE AND STANDPOINTS ON BONE MARROW DONATION

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    Objectives: The objectives of the study are what is the degree of registration of educators, what is the attitude of educators about organ donation, and what are the factors related to the decision to donate. Methods: It is a quantitative cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire. A sample consisted of 208 teachers with the greater predominance of women. Logarithmic regression was applied to determine the effect of demographics, knowledge evaluation, and evaluation of views toward the possibility of registration in the body donor register. Results: Out of the participants, 7.5% are registered in the organ donor and 20.5% are active body donors. One in two wants to become an organ donor. The views evaluation on a scale with a minimum of 23 and a maximum of 115 was 87.58 (9.62). The knowledge evaluation on a scale with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 6 was 2.17 (1.46). The underlying impression of participants on their knowledge of organ donation on a scale of 1–6 was 3.18 (1.47). The 45–50 age group is 19.9 times more likely to be registered and the evaluation of views increases. Conclusion: The degree of registration in donor registers (7.5%) is considered low. The assessment of attitudes 87.58 and knowledge 2.17 (1.46) is considered also insufficient. The main source of knowledge is the media. It is necessary to increase the contribution of more reliable sources (academic studies, ministry, and information actions)

    Indirect tax harmonization and global public goods

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    Journal Article“The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-012-9246-8”.This paper identifies conditions under which, starting from any tax-distorting equilibrium, destination- and origin-based indirect tax-harmonizing reforms are potentially Pareto improving in the presence of global public goods. The first condition (unrequited transfers between governments) requires that transfers are designed in such a way that the marginal valuations of the global public goods are equalized, whereas the second (conditional revenue changes) requires that the change in global tax revenues, as a consequence of tax harmonization, is consistent with the under/over-provision of global public goods relative to the (modified) Samuelson rule. Under these conditions, tax harmonization results in redistributing the gains from a reduction in global deadweight loss and any changes in global tax revenues according to the Pareto principle. And this is the case independently of the tax principle in place (destination or origin). © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

    Managing Inclusive Provision for Pupils With Speech and Language Disorders in Greek Mainstream Primary Schools

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    There is a scarcity of research exploring the field of Speech and Language Disorders (SLD) in the Greek mainstream primary education context. Accordingly, the aim of this study was twofold: (i) to identify the nature and extent of speech, language and communication skills of Greek pupils with noticeably slow progress, and (ii) to examine the provision made for these pupils in Greek mainstream and inclusion classes. The study was in two phases. For the first phase, pupils whose speech and language development was below expectations were assessed using a battery of tests. Data analysis indicated no significant differences in the language profile and non-verbal reasoning ability of the pupils with SLD, General Learning Difficulties (GLD) and other Special Educational Needs (SEN). The data also gave an indication of SLD incidence in Greek mainstream primary classrooms. Phase two involved seven case studies. Together, these provided a rich profile of the speech/language and literacy functioning of the pupils identified with SLD, GLD and Specific Writing difficulties (SpWd) and the provision offered to them in Greek primary mainstream settings. The findings revealed that these pupils shared difficulties in the domains of speech/language and literacy, which impacted on their access to the curriculum and academic attainments. However, teaching practices were not differentiated according to the pupils’ specific needs or year group. Additionally, pupils’ difficulties in the above areas had a negative impact on their social participation and acceptance by peers. Overall, the study highlights the complex nature of SLD, and the similarities in the language profile and the non-verbal reasoning skills of the SLD and other SEN subgroups. This raised questions about whether SLD, as used in these schools, is a distinct area of difficulty or on a continuum with other areas of difficulties. In addition, the study raised questions regarding the assessment and identification of SLD in the Greek context, as well as the practical teaching of pupils who experience such difficulties.State Scholarships Foundation of Greec

    Επιπολιτισμός και συμπτώματα κατάθλιψης και στρες σε νέους ενήλικους μετανάστες στην περιοχή της Αθήνας

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    Η παρούσα διατριβή, αποτελεί μια συγχρονική μελέτη με σκοπό τον προσδιορισμό των επιπολιτισμικών διεργασιών των μεταναστών στην Ελλάδα, καθώς και τη διερεύνηση της ψυχικής υγείας των μεταναστών. Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 206 μετανάστες πρώτης γενιάς και 81 Έλληνες, ηλικίας 18-44 ετών που κατοικούν στην περιοχή της Αθήνας. Από την ανάλυση κατά συστάδες προέκυψαν τέσσερα επιπολιτισμικά προφίλ: το προφίλ της περιθωριοποίησης (35,78%), της εναρμόνισης (24,51%), του διαχωρισμού (23,04%) και της αφομοίωσης (16,67%). Η στρατηγική της εναρμόνισης παρουσιάζει τα καλύτερα αποτελέσματα στη ψυχική υγεία, ενώ το προφίλ της περιθωριοποίησης, τα χειρότερα. Ο επιπολασμός της κατάθλιψης ήταν 57% για τους Έλληνες και 68,6% για τους μετανάστες, οι οποίοι παρουσιάζουν αυξημένο κίνδυνο να εμφανίσουν συμπτώματα κατάθλιψης σε σύγκριση με τους Έλληνες. Το μικρότερο διάστημα κατοχής νομιμοποιητικών εγγράφων, χρόνος παραμονής και προσλαμβανόμενο στρες σχετίζονται θετικά με την εμφάνιση συμπτωμάτων κατάθλιψης, ενώ το αυξημένο συνεχόμενο διάστημα εργασίας στην Ελλάδα, η γνώση και η χρήση της ελληνικής γλώσσας, και η επαφή με τους Έλληνες, αρνητικά Δεν παρουσιάστηκε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά ανάμεσα στους Έλληνες και τους μετανάστες όσον αφορά το προσλαμβανόμενο στρες. Το ανδρικό φύλο, η κατοχή άδειας παραμονής, η μικρή ηλικία (18-24 ετών), η αφομοίωση και η χρήση των ελληνικών σχετίζονταν με μειωμένο προσλαμβανόμενο στρες.Present thesis a cross-sectional study to identify the acculturation process of immigrants in Greece and explore immigrants’ mental health. The sample consisted of 206 first generation immigrants and 81 Greeks, aged 18-44 years, residing in Athens. The cluster analysis revealed four distinct acculturation profiles: the marginalization profile (35,78%), the integration profile (24,51%), the separation profile (23,04%) and the assimilation profile (16,67%). Integration profile is associated with better mental health, while the marginalization profile with worse. Prevalence of depression was 57.0% for the Greeks and 68.6% for the immigrants, who are at increased risk of developing depression symptoms compared with the Greeks. The shorter time of legal documents holding, residence time and perceived stress were positively associated with depressive symptoms, while the longer continuous working time in Greece, higher knowledge and use of Greek language, as well as contact with Greeks was negatively associated. There was no significant difference between Greeks and immigrants regarding perceived stress. Being male, residence permit holders and younger age (18-24 years old), assimilation, and higher usage of Greek language were negatively associated with perceived stress
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