You Can\u27t Handle the Truth! Trial Juries and Credibility

Every now and again, we get a look, usually no more than a glimpse, at how the justice system really works. What we see—before the sanitizing curtain is drawn abruptly down—is a process full of human fallibility and error, sometimes noble, more often unfair, rarely evil but frequently unequal. The central question, vital to our adjudicative model, is: How well can we expect a jury to determine credibility through the ordinary adversary processes of live testimony and vigorous impeachment? The answer, from all I have been able to see is: not very well

Stop \u3cem\u3eTerry \u3c/em\u3e: Reasonable Suspicion, Race, and a Proposal to Limit \u3cem\u3eTerry\u3c/em\u3e Stops

The Terry doctrine, which grants a police officer the authority to stop and frisk based on his or her reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause, was created by the Supreme Court at a time when the nation con- fronted a particular moment of violent racial strife. Since Terry was decided, the Supreme Court has continued to expand the reach of the doctrine—which opened the door for potential abuse. Existing data is increasingly proving that the loosening of constitutional standards is causing substantial harms to people of color nationwide. This article joins the existing scholarly discussion surrounding this decision to suggest one additional tool that might be used to address the racial impact of the Terry doctrine. In particular, this Article proposes that police authority to stop suspects on nothing more than reasonable suspicion be limited to cases in which an officer reasonably believes the suspect is engaged in something more than a mere possessory offense. The proposal is consistent with much of the Supreme Court’s past language and will not substantially undercut police efforts to combat violent crime. In addition, this proposal will not be administratively burdensome since it would only require a police officer to articulate what about the suspect made him believe he was engaged in something other than a possessory criminal offense, which is not all that different from what police officers are currently required to do as a matter of internal policy. It is time to stop Terry to avoid the further erosion of rights caused by Terry stops

You Can\u27t Handle the Truth! Trial Juries and Credibility

Every now and again, we get a look, usually no more than a glimpse, at how the justice system really works. What we see—before the sanitizing curtain is drawn abruptly down—is a process full of human fallibility and error, sometimes noble, more often unfair, rarely evil but frequently unequal. The central question, vital to our adjudicative model, is: How well can we expect a jury to determine credibility through the ordinary adversary processes of live testimony and vigorous impeachment? The answer, from all I have been able to see is: not very well

Patients’ attitudes and beliefs to presbyopia and its correction

Objective Presbyopia is the gradual inability to focus near objects with age. This study explores patients’ attitudes and beliefs towards presbyopia including preferred modes of near refractive correction. Methods In the United Kingdom, twenty-four volunteers completed an online questionnaire and attended a structured, recorded focus group. Participants’ age ranged between 36 and 48 years, representing a pre-presbyopic and a presbyopic population. Attitudes and beliefs about presbyopia, its significance, and opinions about current refractive correction including multifocal contact lenses were transcribed and coded using content analysis for overarching themes and patterns. Results Six participants (25%) were already wearing a near visual correction while 18 (75%) were not. Five key primary themes with clear inter-participant similarities were identified as ‘age-related’ (75%), ‘acceptance’ (50%), clear lack of ‘familiarity with the word presbyopia’ (65%), a mixed/ reluctant attitude ‘towards (multifocal) contact lenses’ (62.5%), and ‘comfort and convenience’ of a presbyopic correction (79%) whereby cost is of less importance. Conclusion The need for a reading correction was perceived as a sign of age. Spectacles were the most preferred mode of near vision correction, while comfort and convenience were seen as more important than cost. Patient education about presbyopia is lacking. Multifocal contact lenses are not necessarily the preferred visual correction even if the patient already wears contact lenses for distance

Roughness effects in turbulent forced convection

We conducted direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of turbulent flow over three-dimensional sinusoidal roughness in a channel. A passive scalar is present in the flow with Prandtl number $Pr=0.7$, to study heat transfer by forced convection over this rough surface. The minimal channel is used to circumvent the high cost of simulating high Reynolds number flows, which enables a range of rough surfaces to be efficiently simulated. The near-wall temperature profile in the minimal channel agrees well with that of the conventional full-span channel, indicating it can be readily used for heat-transfer studies at a much reduced cost compared to conventional DNS. As the roughness Reynolds number, $k^+$, is increased, the Hama roughness function, $\Delta U^+$, increases in the transitionally rough regime before tending towards the fully rough asymptote of $\kappa_m^{-1}\log(k^+)+C$, where $C$ is a constant that depends on the particular roughness geometry and $\kappa_m\approx0.4$ is the von K\'arm\'an constant. In this fully rough regime, the skin-friction coefficient is constant with bulk Reynolds number, $Re_b$. Meanwhile, the temperature difference between smooth- and rough-wall flows, $\Delta\Theta^+$, appears to tend towards a constant value, $\Delta\Theta^+_{FR}$. This corresponds to the Stanton number (the temperature analogue of the skin-friction coefficient) monotonically decreasing with $Re_b$ in the fully rough regime. Using shifted logarithmic velocity and temperature profiles, the heat transfer law as described by the Stanton number in the fully rough regime can be derived once both the equivalent sand-grain roughness $k_s/k$ and the temperature difference $\Delta \Theta^+_{FR}$ are known. In meteorology, this corresponds to the ratio of momentum and heat transfer roughness lengths, $z_{0m}/z_{0h}$, being linearly proportional to $z_{0m}^+$, the momentum roughness length [continued]...Comment: Accepted (In press) in the Journal of Fluid Mechanic

Short-range ultrasonic communications in air using quadrature modulation

A study has been undertaken of ultrasonic communications methods in air, using a quadrature modulation method. Simulations were first performed to establish the likely performance of quadrature phase shift keying over the limited bandwidth available in an ultrasonic system. Quadrature phase shift keying modulation was then implemented within an experimental communication system, using capacitive ultrasonic sources and receivers. The results show that such a system is feasible in principle for communications over distances of several meters, using frequencies in the 200 to 400 kHz range

Attitudes of mothers and fathers of schizophrenic patients.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Land Grant Application- Hutchins, Hezekiah (North Hampton)

Land grant application submitted to the Maine Land Office on behalf of Hezekiah Hutchins for service in the Revolutionary War, by their widow Deborah.https://digitalmaine.com/revolutionary_war_mass/1196/thumbnail.jp

LM rendezvous procedures - F mission, AS-505/CSM-106/LM-4 Final report

Rendezvous procedures for LM-4 and CSM for use in crew training and flight plannin