11,977 research outputs found
Will God Make Me Rich? An Investigation into the Relationship between Membership in Charismatic Churches, Wealth, and Womenâs Empowerment in Ghana
In recent decades, there has been an explosion in the growth of Pentecostal churches in Ghana, many of which preach that belief in God will translate into material wealth for both men and women. While some have argued that women in these churches are likely to be more empowered due to female leadership and focus on the individual, others have argued that this may not translate to the typical congregantâs experience. After all, members of the Pentecostal church subscribe to the belief that wives should âsubmit to their husbandsâ (Biblia n.d.). In this study, I used the 2014 Demographic Health Survey to directly test whether women who identify as Pentecostal/Charismatic/Evangelical have a higher level of empowerment as measured by autonomy in decision making. I found that they exhibit significantly less decision-making power than other Christian women in making big household purchases and on their own healthcare. This exists both before and after controlling for wealth. Thus, the notion that Pentecostal women are more empowered than other Christians appears to be misguided
Reducing behaviour problems in young people through social competence programmes
There is a relatively strong relationship between the concepts of behavioural problems
and social competence, in that social competence is regarded as one of the most
important protective factors in the prevention of behavioural problems. This paper
argues that the concept of social competence should include social skills, social practice
and empathic understanding. It identifies the components that form part of an effective
social competence programme, including enhancing an understanding of social
situations, increasing the generation of adequate social skills, improving the management
of provocations which may lead to uncontrolled anger, and developing empathic
understanding. The evidence also suggests that effective social competence programmes
for children and young people should be multi modal and consist of mixed groups of
pupils with and without difficulties. The paper concludes with a brief description of
Aggression Replacement Training as an example of a programme which follows the
recommended guidelines.peer-reviewe
The Well-Being and the Decisions of Farm Households: The Uses of Cross-Country Comparisons
Consumer/Household Economics,
Food Stamps and Food Insecurity: What Can Be Learned in the Presence of Non-Classical Measurement Error?
Policymakers have been puzzled to observe that food stamp households appear more likely to be food insecure than observationally similar eligible nonparticipating households. We reexamine this issue allowing for nonclassical reporting errors in food stamp participation and food insecurity. Extending the literature on partially identified parameters, we introduce a nonparametric framework that makes transparent what can be known about conditional probabilities when a binary outcome and conditioning variable are both subject to nonclassical measurement error. We find that the food insecurity paradox hinges on strong assumptions about the reliability of the data that are not supported by the previous food stamp participation literature.
THE FOOD STAMP PROGRAM, AND FOOD INSUFFICIENCY
The ability of food stamps to ameliorate food insufficiency in the U.S. is estimated with self-selection models which incorporate the systematic differences between eligible food stamp participants and non-participants. The analysis is performed with a sample of eligible households from the 1992 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP).Food Security and Poverty,
TOLERANCE OF CEREALS TO POST- EMERGENCE WEED HARROWING
This study defines crop tolerance to post-emergence weed harrowing as the combined effect of crop resistance and crop recovery. Crop resistance is the ability of the crop to resist soil covering and recovery is the ability to recover in terms of yield. In two experiments, resistance, recovery and tolerance were quantified in barley, oat, wheat and triticale by a new method based on digital image analysis. Important differences in resistance, recovery and tolerance among species were seen and resistance was not linked to recovery. Oat showed higher resistance than wheat, and barley. Triticale showed the lowest resistance. Oat and barley showed both lower ability to recover from soil covering than wheat, and triticale showed complete recovery. Triticale was the most tolerant species followed by wheat, oat and barley. Differences in tolerance caused species dependent crop yield losses in weed-free environments in the range of 0 to 10% for a practical relevant aggressiveness of weed harrowing
Normalisation Control in Deep Inference via Atomic Flows
We introduce `atomic flows': they are graphs obtained from derivations by
tracing atom occurrences and forgetting the logical structure. We study simple
manipulations of atomic flows that correspond to complex reductions on
derivations. This allows us to prove, for propositional logic, a new and very
general normalisation theorem, which contains cut elimination as a special
case. We operate in deep inference, which is more general than other syntactic
paradigms, and where normalisation is more difficult to control. We argue that
atomic flows are a significant technical advance for normalisation theory,
because 1) the technique they support is largely independent of syntax; 2)
indeed, it is largely independent of logical inference rules; 3) they
constitute a powerful geometric formalism, which is more intuitive than syntax
Thermal imaging on simulated faults during frictional sliding
Heating during frictional sliding is a major component of the energy budget
of earthquakes and represents a potential weakening mechanism. It is therefore
important to investigate how heat dissipates during sliding on simulated
faults. We present results from laboratory friction experiments where a halite
(NaCl) slider held under constant load is dragged across a coarse substrate.
Surface evolution and frictional resistance are recorded. Heat emission at the
sliding surface is monitored using an infra-red camera. We demonstrate a link
between plastic deformations of halite and enhanced heating characterized by
transient localized heat spots. When sand 'gouge' is added to the interface,
heating is more diffuse. Importantly, when strong asperities concentrate
deformation, significantly more heat is produced locally. In natural faults
such regions could be nucleation patches for melt production and hence
potentially initiate weakening during earthquakes at much smaller sliding
velocities or shear stress than previously thought
Higher-order knowledge and sensitivity
It has recently been argued that a sensitivity theory of knowledge cannot account for intuitively appealing instances of higher-order knowledge. In this paper, we argue that it can once careful attention is paid to the methods or processes by which we typically form higher-order beliefs. We base our argument on what we take to be a well-motivated and commonsensical view on how higher-order knowledge is typically acquired, and we show how higher-order knowledge is possible in a sensitivity theory once this view is adopted
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