The relationship between betting and lottery play: a high frequency time-series analysis

The substitutability of different gambling products is an important concern for any jurisdiction contemplating deregulation of its gambling sector. We apply a novel daily time-series data set of daily turnover from one of Britain's leading bookmakers to analyse potential substitution between lottery play and bookmaker betting. We find some evidence that bettors do substitute away from horse race, dog race and numbers betting when the effective price of lottery tickets is unusually low, i.e. when there is a rollover or Superdraw. This substitution has a highly specific pattern of timing that varies by sector. Our results further suggest that bettors rationally engage in forward-looking substitution within their betting portfolios.

French Land, Algerian People: Nineteenth-Century French Discourse on Algeria and Its Consequences

Language is fundamental in shaping our understanding of the world we live, and as such, studies of discourse are invaluable in providing insight into the worldviews of historical actors. Though much has been written on the depiction of colonized peoples and its Oriental undertones, little has been said about the discourse on a colony itself. In examining the French discourse on Algeria in the nineteenth century, it becomes clear that the French privileged Algeria as a rich and valuable resource for France even as they decried the “backwardness” of the people of Algeria. While ignoring its inhabitants completely or discussing the necessity of “civilizing” them, the discourse on the colony consistently privileged the land itself as an invaluable resource that needed to be put to use for the benefit of France. This discourse revealed not only the French government’s lack of a clear plan for Algeria but also the disparity between government officials and settlers and soldiers in the colony. Ultimately, the perceived value of Algeria juxtaposed with the lack of value accorded to its inhabitants played a key role in the Algerian war for independence, inspiring both sides to fight for their country

Scope of Justice, Delegitimisation, Sentience and Ecosystemic Integrity as Predictors of Protection

It is argued that the continuing environmental destruction results from an instrumental valuation of the non-human world. Fox\u27s (1995) alternative intrinsic value approach to environmental protection is introduced. Two aspects of Fox\u27s descriptive model may represent fundamental motives, or ethical bases, for behaviour. They are sentience -the quality of being capable of experiencing pain, and ecosystemic-integrity -the quality of contributing to the self-regenerating capacity of an ecosystem. The inconsistency between the presumed ethical bases for behaviour, and actual behaviour is noted. It is suggested that delegitimisation- the discounting of some desirable quality in a competitor during conflict, and the scope of justice- the flexible boundary within which moral rules apply, serve to mediate the effect of the presumed intrinsic value ethical bases on human behaviour towards non-humans. Participants were 637 (385 female, 282 male) university student volunteers of mixed cultural background aged 18 to 31. ANOVA revealed significant main effects, and no interactions, for sentience, integrity, or conflict on allocation of a wetland to a fictitious entity (Dodder). Effect sizes were small. ANOVA revealed no significant main effects or interactions for sentience, integrity or conflict, on the scope of justice. ANCOVA indicated that the small covariate effects of scope of justice (Cronbachs alpha = .84) for allocate (r = .155) were not sufficient to establish scope of justice as a mediator between sentience, conflict, or ecosystemic-integrity, and allocation. Delegitimisation of the Dodder\u27s ability to feel pain (an aspect of sentience), and human need occurred. Delegitimisation of the Dodder\u27s intelligence (an aspect of sentience) and ecosystemic integrity was not found. Wetland allocation to the Dodder occurred for reasons of life, endangerment, and protection, and allocation to humans was for reasons of human need and importance. The presumed intrinsically valuable qualities of sentience and ecosystemic integrity do not seem to be powerful motives for behaviour towards the non-human world and as predictors of protection their practical relevance appears doubtful. Revision of the scope of justice scale, and attention to issues of endangerment versus conflict is recommende

Letter to Lucile Elliott regarding a meeting of the Carolinas Chapter of the American Association of Law Libraries, October 7, 1939

A letter from Donald Gulley to Lucile Elliott approving Elliott\u27s plans for a meeting of the Carolinas Chapter of the American Association of Law Libraries

Multitudes Gather: An Overview and Analysis of the Evolution of Research Concerning Crowd Behavior

Crowds oftentimes behave in ways that are considered abnormal. This study sought to understand why crowds behave so differently from individuals acting alone. This was accomplished by tracing the evolution of research regarding crowd behavior from its beginnings within the nations of France and Italy in the late 19th century all the way to contemporary time. Crowds were defined as psychological occurrences and categorized according to the research of Roger Brown and Neil Smelser. In order to explain theory regarding crowd behavior, this study focused on the research conducted by Le Bon, Festigener, Pepitone, Newcomb, Zimbardo, Diener, Prentice-Dunn, and Rogers. The research of all of these individuals together evolved from its focus on the existence of a collective mind within crowds into the classic de-individuation theory and later into the contemporary de-individuation theory. Crowd behavior is seen as being caused by a complex web of variables driven by the environment and situation of the time. Research regarding crowd behavior is continually evolving

After all, who takes care of the Red Cross\u27s morale? : The Experiences of American Red Cross Clubmobile Women during World War II

This thesis examines the experiences of the women who served in the American Red Cross Clubmobile Service in the European Theater of Operations during World War II. Their job required them to travel through England, France, and even Germany in converted buses and 2 ½ ton trucks, serving coffee, donuts, and a smile to soldiers just off the front lines. Though considered essential to maintaining soldiers’ morale, historians have virtually ignored these women’s experiences and role in the war. The inattention to their participation by the academic community parallels the disregard the women faced during the war. Clubmobile women encountered the strain and dangers of war armed with minimal training and virtually no psychological preparation for what they might face; however, they were expected, and indeed relied upon, to bolster the morale of men who had often just come from the front. By focusing on clubmobile women’s role in maintaining soldiers’ morale, the Red Cross and the military neglected to recognize that the morale of their female workers was equally important. Through an examination of documents written by various clubmobile women, this thesis explores how women coped with both highly gendered expectations and the experience of war itself. Clubmobile women came to rely on one another to navigate the challenges they faced and to do their job effectively. The camaraderie amongst them was a result not only of their shared experiences, but also of their status as noncombatants and their gender. Ultimately, this research seeks not only to answer the question “who takes care of the Red Cross’s morale?” but also to illuminate the circumstances that make this query necessary

The Influence of Time Perspective on Physical Activity Intentions and Behaviors Among Adolescents Residing in Central Appalachia.

Obesity and inactivity are prevalent among central Appalachian adolescents. Appalachian residents have been labeled fatalistic, a time perspective unsupportive of health-promoting behaviors such as regular participation in physical activity. The theory of planned behavior has been used extensively to explain the physical activity behaviors of adolescents. Constructs within the theory of planned behavior include attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to perform the behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the time perspective of central Appalachian adolescents and examine the relationship between time perspective and the constructs within the theory of planned behavior. A descriptive, correlational design was used to examine time perspective and the physical activity behaviors of a convenience sample of 185 central Appalachian adolescents. Data collection occurred in school. Results indicate central Appalachian adolescents are hedonistic with positive attitudes toward the past. Females were more future-oriented than males. Future oriented students were more likely to plan to attend college. Constructs within the theory of planned behavior were moderate predictors of physical activity that lasted long enough or was intense enough to produce sweat