Cost per kWh produced and payback time of a PV -solar -thermal -combined roof top collector at different locations in New Zealand

[Abstract]: This study presents an economic evaluation of three types of solar applications: a) grid-connected photovoltaic system, b) grid-connected photovoltaic system combined with a solar water heating system and c) solar water heating system only. The operational data of an 1.3m2/120-litre tank evacuated tube solar thermal collector and the data of an average1kWp grid-connected crystalline photovoltaic solar generator are taken as a basis for the calculation. The annual amount of energy produced, the incurred cost and the resulting savings over the system lifetime are used to determine the cost per kWh and the payback time of the system at different geographic locations in New Zealand.. The analysis presented in this paper for a combined solar installation including a grid-connected photovoltaic system and a solar thermal unit at a typical domestic house has shown that such a system will present realizable benefits compared to simple grid-connected photovoltaic systems operated separately. The calculations demonstrate the shortest payback time and the lowest cost per kWh for the pure solar water heating system compared to the two other alternatives, the combined system and the sole GC-PV

Hodge-DeRham theory with degenerating coefficients

Let ${\cal L}$ be a local system on the complement $X^{\star}$ of a normal crossing divisor (NCD) $Y$ in a smooth analytic variety $X$ and let $j: X^{\star} = X - Y \to X$ denotes the open embedding. The purpose of this paper is to describe a weight filtration $W$ on the direct image ${\bf j}_{\star}{\cal L}$ and in case a morphism $f: X \to D$ to a complex disc is given with $Y = f^{-1}(0)$, the weight filtration on the complex of nearby cocycles $\Psi_f ({\cal L})$ on $Y$. A comparison theorem shows that the filtration coincides with the weight defined by the logarithm of the monodromy and provides the link with various results on the subject

Design approach for photovoltaic power stations for demand-side requirements and competitive energy cost

[Abstract]: Photovoltaic (PV) plants can be constructed of different sizes capable of delivering the same rated power, however for different operation times. A scoping-factor is being introduced reflecting the peak power the plant is able to supply. The presented design approach allows determining the resulting energy cost on the basis of manufacturing cost of solar cells, solar cell efficiency, other system cost and utilization factor (plant capacity factor). Similarly, due to competitive energy environment this method allows determining required design parameters, such as solar cell efficiency, allowable plant component cost, size of the photovoltaic plant etc. The impact of the scoping factor on the plant capacity factor, the cost of the installed power and on the cost of the produced energy is discussed