Coastal area management in South Asia: a comparative perspective (Background Paper prepared for South Asia Workshop on Fisheries and Coastal Area Management, 26 September-1 October 1996, Madras, India)

Most of the world's fisheries and fishing communities are supported by coastal areas. Consequently, the well-being and future of the fishery sector depend on the health of the coastal ecosystem. Not surprisingly, therefore, concern about coastal degradation and its impact on the fishery sector has long been expressed, notably at the first-ever conference of fishworkers and their supporters in Rome in 1984. Discussions then emphasized how the coastal environment is affected by activities within the fisheries sector as well as by other activities pursued in inland, inshore and offshore areas. It was in this context that the International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) organized a workshop and symposium on Fisheries and Coastal Area Management in South Asia, in Madras, India, in 1996. To aid participants focus on the major coastal resources management issues, a background paper was prepared by ICSF. This paper explores efforts on coastal area management, more specifically in the South Asian region, and the extent to which the perspectives of actors in the fishery sector have been incorporated. It also deals with legislation of direct relevance to Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM)

Determination of Meat and Fish Identities in Raw and Processed Food Samples Using PCR-RFLP Technique

The opening up of international food markets has resulted in the establishment of new regulations to ensure fair practices in the food trade. The identification of animal species is one of the areas of major concern for food hygiene laboratories, in forensic medicine and in the quality control of animal products. Food quality and safety will be strongly improved by the EC legislation (178/2002) on food traceability, which came into force in January 2005. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methodology has advanced genotyping of animal species, although further improvements are definitely needed. This study describes an investigation into the use of a PCR-RFLP technique as a routine analytical tool for species testing since accurate analytical methods are needed to ensure compliance with the new regulations. PCR-RFLP procedure was improved for the genotyping of beef, pork, buffalo meat, beef frankfurter (three brands), minced beef (two brands), pork frankfurter (two brands) and pork cocktail (one brand). Eight types of meat, 19 types of fish and 16 types of processed food samples were included as control samples. A highly conserved segment within the cyt b gene was selected for PCR amplification by the universal primers cyt b1 and cyt b2 with the hope that it would amplify the cyt b gene from all the tested species. Apart from tuna fish and meats from quail, chicken, goat, beef, pork, buffalo, deer and rabbit samples, most of the fish samples were not identified using the cyt b primers. Genotyping of species by the present RFLP method was accomplished with amplifying a 359 bp region within the cyt b gene and digesting the amplified product using AluI, HindIII, BsaJI, RsaI, BstNI, MseI, NsiI and BstUI enzymes. The specificity of the method was successfully assessed by RFLP analysis of meats from quail, chicken, goat, beef, pork, buffalo, deer, rabbit and tuna fish. PCR-RFLP technique showed high discriminatory power, but not all the species tested were identified. The concerted implementation of these conditional protocols for species identification was evaluated with beef frankfurter, minced beef, pork frankfurter and pork cocktail samples, and was found to be discriminatory for species identification. Commercial frauds through species substitution were not detected and the expected meat was present from the processed food samples tested. This PCR-RFLP based assay demonstrated to be an easy technique in routine analysis of raw and processed food for the detection of meat species

Environmental microbes and its role in health management - Winter school on recent advances in diagnosis and management of diseases in mariculture, 7th to 27th November 2002, Course Manual

Microorganisms are of major important in aquaculture and industrial wastewater treatment. They reside in the sediment and other substrates, and in the water of aquaculture facilities, as well as in and on the cultured species. Microorganisms may have positive or negative effects on the outcome of aquaculture operations. Positive microbial activities include elimination of toxic materials such as ammonia, nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide, degradation of uneaten feed, and nutrition of aquatic animals such as shrimp, fish; production of aqua-farmer. These and other functions make microorganisms key players in the health and sustainability of aquaculture. Yet, microorganisms are among the least known and understood elements in aquaculture, Like other areas in aquaculture, microorganisms require management and Manipulation

Bioremediation: Eco Technology of Cultured Water Using Efficient Microbes (ECO Microbes)

The emerging role of bacteria in the field of bioremediation eco- technology with countless new genes and biochemical pathways using antagonistic compounds and other useful molecules has generated new interest in them. After testing all the physical, chemical and biological means of bioremediation it has been found that for management of contaminated waters the best option is microbiological treatment which is more efficient economically and consumes less energy. “In situ” bioremediation is the cleanup approach where the dissolved and absorbed contaminants are in contact with microorganisms. The microorganisms act well only when the waste material helps them to generate energy and nutrients to build up more cells. Lack of biodegradation capacity of native microorganisms can be overcome by addition of selective substrates during. Insitu bio remediation or manipulate the native microorganisms for efficient and speedy biodegradation

मत्स्य पालन में मत्स्य रोग का जैविक नियंत्रण्

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

औषध और कीडे: जलकृषि में प्रतिसूक्ष्म जीवी कारकों का प्रभाव

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Economic importance of marine micro organisms

Bacteria and allied micro-organisms are of direct economic concern to man in many ways besides causing diseases and bringing about the decomposition of marine a,nimals and commercial algae . There are many p roblems in the general economy of the ocean, the solution of which requires the aid of the microbiolog ist