2,485 research outputs found
Gauge Coupling Constant Unification With Planck Scale Values Of Moduli
Convergence of the standard model gauge coupling constants to a common value
at around GeV is studied in the context of orbifold theories
where the modular symmetry groups for and moduli are broken to
subgroups of . The values of the moduli required for this
unification of coupling constants are studied for this case and also for the
case where string unification is accompanied by unification to a gauge group
larger then Comment: Tex, 15 pages, minor typos corrected and some references adde
CP-violating phases in the CKM matrix in orbifold compactifications
The picture of CP-violation in orbifold compactifications in which the
-modulus is at a complex fixed point of the modular group is studied.
CP-violation in the neutral kaon system and in the neutron electric dipole
moment are both discussed. The situation where the -modulus takes complex
values on the unit circle which are not at a fixed point is also discussed.Comment: LaTeX file 17 page
Magnetic Interactions, the Renormalization Group and Color Superconductivity in High Density QCD
We investigate the effect of long range magnetic interactions on the
renormalization group (RG) evolution of local Cooper pairing interactions near
the Fermi surface in high density QCD. We use an explicit cut-off on momentum
modes, with special emphasis on screening effects such as Landau damping, to
derive the RG equations in a gauge invariant, weak coupling expansion. We
obtain the Landau pole , although the structure of our equations differs from previous results. We
also investigate the gap equation, including condensates of higher angular
momentum. We show that rotational invariance is unbroken at asymptotically high
density, and verify that is the correct value of the gap when higher
modes are included in the analysis.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, late
A Model for Clumpy Self-Enrichment in Globular Clusters
Detailed observations of globular clusters (GCs) have revealed evidence of
self-enrichment: some of the heavy elements that we see in stars today were
produced by cluster stars themselves. Moreover, GCs have internal
subpopulations with different elemental abundances, including, in some cases,
in elements such as iron that are produced by supernovae. This paper presents a
theoretical model for GC formation motivated by observations of Milky Way star
forming regions and simulations of star formation, where giant molecular clouds
fragment into multiple clumps which undergo star formation at slightly
different times. Core collapse supernovae from earlier-forming clumps can
enrich later-forming clumps to the degree that the ejecta can be retained
within the gravitational potential well, resulting in subpopulations with
different total metallicities once the clumps merge to form the final cluster.
The model matches the mass-metallicity relation seen in GC populations around
massive elliptical galaxies, and predicts metallicity spreads within clusters
in excellent agreement with those seen in Milky Way GCs, even for those whose
internal abundance spreads are so large that their entire identity as a GC is
in question. The internal metallicity spread serves as an excellent measurement
of how much self-enrichment has occurred in a cluster, a result that is very
robust to variation in the model parameters.Comment: ApJ, in press. 18 pages. Code instantiating the model is at
doi:10.5281/zenodo.125334
The KM phase in semi-realistic heterotic orbifold models
In string-inspired semi-realistic heterotic orbifolds models with an
anomalous , a nonzero Kobayashi-Masakawa (KM) phase is shown to arise
generically from the expectation values of complex scalar fields, which appear
in nonrenormalizable quark mass couplings. Modular covariant nonrenormalizable
superpotential couplings are constructed. A toy orbifold model is
analyzed in some detail. Modular symmetries and orbifold selection rules are
taken into account and do not lead to a cancellation of the KM phase. We also
discuss attempts to obtain the KM phase solely from renormalizable
interactions.Comment: Error in Section 2, "Counterexamples," correcte
Stabilising the supersymmetric Standard Model on the Z_6' orientifold
Four stacks of intersecting supersymmetric fractional D6-branes on the Z_6'
orientifold have previously been used to construct consistent models having the
spectrum of the supersymmetric Standard Model, including a single pair of Higgs
doublets, plus three right-chiral neutrino singlets. However, various moduli,
Kahler moduli and complex-structure moduli, twisted and untwisted, remain
unfixed. Further, some of the Yukawa couplings needed to generated quark and
lepton masses are forbidden by a residual global symmetry of the model. In this
paper we study the stabilisation of moduli using background fluxes, and show
that the moduli may be stabilised within the Kahler cone. In principle, missing
Yukawa couplings may be restored, albeit with a coupling that is suppressed by
non-perturbative effects, by the use Euclidean D2-branes that are pointlike in
spacetime, i.e. E2-instantons. However, for the models under investigation, we
show that this is not possible.Comment: 32 pages, LaTeX. Small addition made prior to submission for
publicatio
Modular Symmetries of Threshold Corrections for Abelian Orbifolds with Discrete Wilson Lines
The modular symmetries of string loop threshold corrections for gauge
coupling constants are studied in the presence of discrete Wilson lines for all
examples of abelian orbifolds, where the point group is realised by the action
of Coxeter elements or generalised Coxeter elements on the root lattices of the
Lie groups.Comment: 36 pages, Late
Almost the supersymmetric Standard Model from intersecting D6-branes on the Z_6' orientifold
Intersecting stacks of supersymmetric fractional branes on the Z_6'
orientifold may be used to construct the supersymmetric Standard Model. If a,b
are the stacks that generate the SU(3)_{colour} and SU(2)_L gauge particles,
then, in order to obtain {\em just} the chiral spectrum of the (supersymmetric)
Standard Model (with non-zero Yukawa couplings to the Higgs mutiplets), it is
necessary that the number of intersections a \cap b of the stacks a and b, and
the number of intersections a \cap b' of a with the orientifold image b' of b
satisfy (a \cap b,a \cap b')=(2,1) or (1,2). It is also necessary that there is
no matter in symmetric representations of the gauge group, and not too much
matter in antisymmetric representations, on either stack. Fractional branes
having all of these properties may be constructed on the Z_6' orientifold. We
construct a (four-stack) model with two further stacks, each with just a single
brane, which has precisely the matter spectrum of the supersymmetric Standard
Model, including a single pair of Higgs doublets. However, the gauge group is
SU(3)_{\rm colour} x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y x U(1)_H. Only the Higgs doublets are
charged with respect to U(1)_H.Comment: 8 pages, no figure
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