Some Reflections on the Relationship between Politicians and Politics in Latin America after Twenty Five Years of Democracy. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol.8 No.1, January 2008

Almost three decades after democratic transition numerous political reforms have appeared. No country in the region, with the obvious exception of Cuba, has been left out of this wave of political transformations. Profound constitutional reforms, decentralization processes, and changes in the relationships between the branches of government, in electoral laws and in rules regarding political participation are just some of the transformations experienced by Latin American polities. As of 2007, the agenda of political reforms is patently open in Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela, and also important in Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Peru

An input-output analysis of the "key" sectors in CO2 emissions from a production perspective: an application to the Spanish economy

Here we present an approach that allows the identification of the "key" productive sectors responsible for CO2 emission. For this purpose, we develop an input- output methodology from a supply perspective. We focus on the impact of an increase in the value-added of the different productive sectors on total CO2 emissions and we identify the productive sectors responsible for the increase in CO2 emissions when there is an increase in the income of the economy. The approach shows the contribution of the various sectors to CO2 emission from a production perspective and allows us to identify the sectors that deserve more consideration for mitigation policies. This analysis is complementary to the input–output analysis from a demand perspective. TheCO2 emissions,key productive sectors,input-output analysis

Friedel oscillations responsible for stacking fault of adatoms: The case of Mg(0001) and Be(0001)

We perform a first-principles study of Mg adatom and adislands on the Mg(0001) surface, and Be adatom on Be(0001), to obtain further insights into the previously reported energetic preference of the fcc faulty stacking of Mg monomers on Mg(0001). We first provide a viewpoint on how Friedel oscillations influence ionic relaxation on these surfaces. Our three-dimensional charge-density analysis demonstrates that Friedel oscillations have maxima which are more spatially localized than what one-dimensional average density or two-dimensional cross sectional plots could possibly inform: The well-known charge-density enhancement around the topmost surface layer of Mg(0001) is strongly localized at its fcc hollow sites. The charge accumulation at this site explains the energetically preferred stacking fault of the Mg monomer, dimer and trimer. Yet, larger islands prefer the normal hcp stacking. Surprisingly, the mechanism by which the fcc site becomes energetically more favorable is not that of enhancing the surface-adatom bonds but rather those between surface atoms. To confirm our conclusions, we analyze the stacking of Be adatom on Be(0001) - a surface also largely influenced by Friedel oscillations. We find, in fact, a much stronger effect: The charge enhancement at the fcc site is even larger and, consequently, the stacking-fault energy favoring the fcc site is quite large, 44 meV.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review

Regional decomposition of CO2 emissions in the world: a cluster analysis

The purpose of this paper is to study the possible differences among countries as CO2 emitters and to examine the underlying causes of these differences. The starting point of the analysis is the Kaya identity, which allows us to break down per capita emissions in four components: an index of carbon intensity, transformation efficiency, energy intensity and social wealth. Through a cluster analysis we have identified five groups of countries with different behavior according to these four factors. One significant finding is that these groups are stable for the period analyzed. This suggests that a study based on these components can characterize quite accurately the polluting behavior of individual countries, that is to say, the classification found in the analysis could be used in other studies which look to study the behavior of countries in terms of CO2 emissions in homogeneous groups. In this sense, it supposes an advance over the traditional regional or rich-poor countries classifications .Cluster analysis, CO2 emissions, geographical emissions, greenhouse effect

Spatially homogeneous solutions of the Vlasov-Nordstr\"om-Fokker-Planck system

The Vlasov-Nordstr\"{o}m-Fokker-Planck system describes the evolution of self-gravitating matter experiencing collisions with a fixed background of particles in the framework of a relativistic scalar theory of gravitation. We study the spatially-homogeneous system and prove global existence and uniqueness of solutions for the corresponding initial value problem in three momentum dimensions. Additionally, we study the long time asymptotic behavior of the system and prove that even in the absence of friction, solutions possess a non-trivial asymptotic profile. An exact formula for the long time limit of the particle density is derived in the ultra-relativistic case.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figure. Several changes from previous version. To appear in J. Diff. Eq

Modelos de resolución de problemas aplicados durante el proceso enseñanza- aprendizaje de los números enteros en estudiantes del séptimo grado F y G, turno vespertino, Instituto Nacional Eliseo Picado, departamento de Matagalpa, municipio Matagalpa, primer semestre 2016

El presente trabajo de investigación detalla la aplicación y análisis de modelos de resolución de problemas, orientada estimular en los estudiantes de séptimo grado del Instituto Nacional Eliseo Picado Palma el deseo de resolver problemas de números enteros y contribuir que superen las dificultades de análisis, deducción de datos y aplicación de un determinado procedimiento para encontrarle una solución lógica a dichos problemas. El objetivo general es analizar la aplicación de modelos de resolución de problemas en el proceso enseñanza y aprendizaje de números enteros. Se trabajó con una población de 65 estudiantes, de la cual se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 40 estudiantes, se analizaron los datos obtenidos de guías de observación, encuestas y entrevistas. La información se procesó a través de los programas de Excel y SPSS. Se concluyó que durante el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de números enteros se resuelven problemas adaptados a la vida cotidiana del estudiante y los docentes indirectamente aplican algunas fases de los modelos de resolución de problemas, pero no le especifican al estudiante que modelo, ni fase están aplicando, ellos solucionan los problemas como ejercicios prácticos y rutinarios. Se recomienda primeramente a los directores, dar talleres a los docentes sobre la aplicación e importancia de los modelos de resolución de problemas en situaciones Matemáticas y a los docentes que se los transmitan a los estudiantes paso a paso, para que se guíen al resolver problemas y estos obtenga un aprendizaje significativ

The complexity of environmental education: teaching ideas and strategies from teachers

Ponencia de 7th International Conference on Intercultural Education “Education, Health and ICT for a Transcultural World”, EDUHEM 2016The research presented tries to understand and analyze the conceptions that the teachers keep from different levels of education (primary, secondary, and higher education), about the paradigm in which are placed in the treatment of Environmental Education (EE ), as well as methodological strategies used and / or designed for practice. This work argues with the intention of detecting possible reductionism, determinism and fragmentation, in the conceptions of teachers. To do this quantitative techniques have been combined, by using a questionnaire, with qualitative techniques, through the interview in depth; which has allowed us to know and analyze the current situation of the participating teachers in their conceptions of EE, as well as methodological aspects used in its treatment. For this, it conducted an investigation of descriptive-interpretative type with 58 teaching participants, of different educational levels and they teach different subjects and / or disciplines. The results make visible that there is interest in a reflective view closer to the complex thought in the treatment of EE, howev er we check reductionism associated with the difficulties of their practic

Importancia de la cartografía dentro del programa Sistema de Información Educativa y Geográfica (SIEG) de la Secretaria de Educación Guerrero

En este trabajo de memoria se da a conocer la Importancia de la Cartografía dentro del Programa Sistema de Información Educativa y Geográfica (SIEG) de la Secretaría de Educación Guerrero. Describo de manera general los antecedentes de la implementación de dicho programa y doy a conocer mi trayectoria describiendo las aportaciones basadas en la formación académica como geógrafo, las cuales sirvieron para el desarrollo de la metodología encausada a la elaboración de cartografía para el sector educativo. Así mismo doy a conocer mi participación en la integración de información de campo, el diseño y confección de diversos tipos de mapas, que fueron necesarios para la toma de decisiones dentro de las diversas áreas de la Secretaría de Educación Guerrero

Programa de Gestión de Residuos Sólidos: reto al que se adhieren estudiantes, docentes y empleados

Eveliny Alcántara, Profesional con más de dos décadas de ejercicio ininterrumpido, con amplia experiencia liderando iniciativas de cambio y transformación para contribuir, desde distintos roles, a dar respuesta a las necesidades de mejora de la organización para colocarla en línea con el logro de sus objetivos estratégicos. Actualmente se desempeña como directora de la Dirección de Sostenibilidad y Gestión de Riesgo en la Universidad APEC (Unapec). Es egresada de la Maestría en Gerencia y Productividad, Especialidad en Alta Gestión Empresarial y de la carrera de Ingeniería de Sistemas de Información, todas en Unapec. Además, se ha desempeñado como docente por asignatura, conferencista invitada y titular de cursos monográficos de evaluación final. Dictante por alrededor de cinco años de los diplomados en gestión de proyectos, y asesora en proyectos de mejora de la competitividad en empresa textil