FORMAS DE INOCULAÇÃO DE AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE TRITICALE

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência dos modos de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense no crescimento inicial do triticale. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4x2. O primeiro fator foi composto por quatro modos de inoculação de A. brasilense (sem inoculação, inoculação na semente, inoculação no sulco de semeadura e inoculação via foliar sendo esta última realizada aos 10 dias após a emergência). O segundo fator foi composto por dois cultivares de triticale (IPR Aimoré e BRS Harmonia). A inoculação de A. brasilense na semente pode reduzir a porcentagem de emergência e o índice de velocidade de emergência do triticale, dependendo do genótipo. Os modos de inoculação de A. brasilense de forma geral não influenciaram o crescimento inicial do triticale. A resposta das plantas a inoculação de A. brasilense é variável, dependendo basicamente do genótipo de triticale

Phosphorus and potassium fertilization in creeping peanut

Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization can maximize the profitability of peanut cultivation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the basic fertilization with P and K on the grain yield and production components of creeping peanut. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme. Two doses of K (30 and 60 kg ha-1 of K2O) and three levels of P (60, 90 and 120 kg ha- 1 of P2O5) at sowing and an additional treatment without the basic fertilization were used, with four replicates. The cultivar Runner IAC 886was adopted. The following traits were evaluated: pod yield, grain yield, number of pods per plant, number of pods with grains per plant, the percentage of pods without grains, 100 grains weight and number of seeds per pod. P and K fertilization at sowing promote an increase in creeping peanut of about 38 and 49% in pod yield and grain yield, respectively. The highest values of pods with grains are observed with the application of 120 kg ha-1 P.A adubação com fósforo (P) e potássio (K) pode maximizar a rentabilidade do cultivo do amendoim. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a adubação de base com P e K na produtividade dos grãos e nos componentes de produção do amendoim de porte rasteiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 + 1, sendo duas doses de K (30 e 60 kg ha-1 de K2O) e três doses de P (60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5) na semeadura, mais um tratamento adicional sem adubação de base com P e K, com quatro repetições. Utilizou-se a cultivar Runner IAC 886. Foram avaliados a produtividade das vagens, a produtividade dos grãos, o número de vagens por planta, número de vagens granadas por planta, a percentagem de vagens não granadas, massa de 100 grãos, o número de grãos por vagem. A adubação com P e K na semeadura promove aumento em torno de 38 e 49% na produtividade em vagens e de grãos do amendoim de porte rasteiro respectivamente. Os maiores valores de vagens granadas são verificados com a aplicação de 120 kg ha-1 P

Genetic divergence and path analysis in wheat cultivars under heat stress

One of the biggest limitations for the wheat crop expansion to Brazilian tropical regions is the high temperature in the rainy season. This study aimed to select, based on genetic divergence and path analysis, cultivars that tolerate cultivation in the summer (heat stress). Nine wheat cultivars were sown, using a randomized block design with three replications, with plots consisting of 10 rows of 6 m and row spacing of 0.15 m. The highest grain yield and number of ears m-2 were observed for the CD 150 cultivar and the largest 1,000-grain weight for CD 116. BRS 220, IPR 136, IPR 144 and BRS Pardela had the highest number of sterile spikelets. The highest number of grains per ear was observed for CD 150, CD 116, BRS Pardela, IPR 130 and IPR 85, showing direct effects on grain yield, evidenced by the path analysis. CD 116 and CD 150 were the most productive cultivars and can be considered as possible parents in wheat breeding programs. IPR 85, CD 116, CD 108 and CD 150 showed a greater tolerance to high temperatures

EFEITO DO PREPARO DO SOLO COM DIFERENTES IMPLEMENTOS SOBRE A RESISTÊNCIA DO SOLO À PENETRAÇÃO

O preparo de solo é condição essencial para receber a cultura. A resistência do solo à penetração tem sido um dos parâmetros mais utilizados na avaliação de sua estrutura física. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a resistência do solo à penetração mediante o preparo com diferentes implementos agrícolas. O ensaio foi composto pelo preparo do solo com cinco implementos (grade leve, grade intermediária, subsolador, arado de discos e arado de aiveca). Cada implemento foi utilizado para preparar uma faixa de 10 metros de comprimento por 5 metros de largura. Para a realização das avaliações foi descartado 1,0 metro em cada extremidade da faixa preparada. Foi realizada avaliação de resistência do solo à penetração antes de realizar o preparo do solo e outra avaliação 10 dias após o preparo do solo. Também aos dez dias após o preparo do solo realizou-se a avaliação de cobertura vegetal do solo. A resistência do solo à penetração é menor quando o preparo é realizado com o arado de disco ou arado de aiveca. A cobertura vegetal do solo após o preparo se mantém maior quando o subsolador é utilizado. A grade leve não é eficiente para revolver o solo em preparo primário

FORMAS DE INOCULAÇÃO DE AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE TRITICALE

The present trial was developed with the objective of evaluating the influence of inoculation modes of Azospirillum brasilense on the initial growth of triticale. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates, in 4x2 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed by four inoculation methods of Azospirillum brasilense (without inoculation, inoculation in the seed, inoculation in the sowing furrow and foliar inoculation at 10 days after an emergency). The second factor was composed by two triticale cultivars (IPR Aimoré and BRS Harmonia). The inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense in the seed can reduce the emergency percentage and the index of emergence speed of triticale, depending on the genotype. In general, the inoculation modes of Azospirillum brasilense did not influence the initial growth of triticale. The response of the plants to the inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense is variable, depending essentially on the triticale genotype.O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência das formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense no crescimento inicial do triticale. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4x2. O primeiro fator foi composto por quatro formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense (sem inoculação, inoculação na semente, inoculação no sulco de semeadura e inoculação via foliar, sendo esta realizada aos 10 dias após a emergência). O segundo fator foi composto por dois cultivares de triticale (IPR Aimoré e BRS Harmonia). A inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense na semente reduziu a porcentagem de emergência e o índice de velocidade de emergência do triticale, dependendo do genótipo. As formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense de forma geral não influenciaram o crescimento inicial do triticale. A resposta das plantas à inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense foi variável, dependendo basicamente do genótipo de triticale

Foliar fertilization with molybdenum in wheat

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of molybdenum on agronomic characteristics and yield of wheat in a no-till system. The experiment was carried out in a clayey Rhodic Hapludox, in Maripa, State of Parana, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five replications. Treatments consisted of four doses of molybdenum (0, 13.8, 27.6 and 55.2 g ha(-1) Mo), divided into two foliar applications, the first at tillering (18 days after plant emergence) and the second at the boot stage (65 days after emergence). The foliar application of Mo up to a dose of 35 g ha-1 increased the number of spikes per square meter and yield of wheat; however, it had no effect on the agronomic characteristics of the crop in a no-till system

Formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense no crescimento inicial de triticale

The present trial was developed with the objective of evaluating the influence of inoculation modes of Azospirillum brasilense on the initial growth of triticale. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates, in 4x2 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed by four inoculation methods of Azospirillum brasilense (without inoculation, inoculation in the seed, inoculation in the sowing furrow and foliar inoculation at 10 days after an emergency). The second factor was composed by two triticale cultivars (IPR Aimoré and BRS Harmonia). The inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense in the seed can reduce the emergency percentage and the index of emergence speed of triticale, depending on the genotype. In general, the inoculation modes of Azospirillum brasilense did not influence the initial growth of triticale. The response of the plants to the inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense is variable, depending essentially on the triticale genotype.O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência das formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense no crescimento inicial do triticale. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4x2. O primeiro fator foi composto por quatro formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense (sem inoculação, inoculação na semente, inoculação no sulco de semeadura e inoculação via foliar, sendo esta realizada aos 10 dias após a emergência). O segundo fator foi composto por dois cultivares de triticale (IPR Aimoré e BRS Harmonia). A inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense na semente reduziu a porcentagem de emergência e o índice de velocidade de emergência do triticale, dependendo do genótipo. As formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense de forma geral não influenciaram o crescimento inicial do triticale. A resposta das plantas à inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense foi variável, dependendo basicamente do genótipo de triticale

MORPHOGENESIS AND PRODUCTION OF TANZANIA, MOMBACA AND MULATO GRASSES UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

A field trial was conducted designed in a completely randomized block in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement to evaluate the application of nitrogen doses (N) (0, 40, 80 and 160 kg/ha) on the morphogenical characteristics and dry matter partition of three forage grasses (Panicum maximum cvs. Mombasa and Tanzania and Brachiaria sp. Hybrid Mulato). The leaf appearance (LAR, leaf/day) and stretching (LER; mm/day) rates, the number of green leaves per tiller (NLT) and the average weight of tillers (MTW; g) presented s positive linear response to the N dose while the phyllochron (Phil; day/leaves) showed a negative linear response. The highest LER, IAL and final leaf length (FLL; cm) occurred in the Mombaca and Tanzania grasses, while the highest LAR occurred in the Mulato grass. There was a negative quadratic effect of the N dose on the stem elongation rate (SER; mm/day) and LF. The Mombaca and Tanzania grasses presented the highest SER; however, in just two forages. The production of total dry matter (TDM; kg/ha), leaves (LDM; kg/ha) and stems (SDM; kg/ha) increased linearly and quadratically with the N dose, respectively, for the Mombaca and Tanzania grasses. There was a high positive correlation among DM, LDM and SDM and the Mombaca grass MTW. The dry matter production and morphogenic characteristics were influenced by the nitrogen fertilization as a result of the substantial increase in the flow of tissues stimulated by fertilization, proving the importance of N for forage biomass accumulation

Jatropha curcas L. as a plant model for studies on vegetative propagation of native forest plants

HIGHLIGHTS: Jatropha curcas L. has great potential to be used as a model plant in several studies involving native forest species. The immersion in the 2,4-D solution accelerated the emission of primary roots in hardwood cuttings. Studies on vegetative propagation of native species can use Jatropha curcas L. species as a model for obtaining important information in a short time and reducing labor costs. The immersion of cuttings of native species in solutions with low concentrations of 2,4-D can favor the rooting process and vegetative propagation. ABSTRACT: Even though it is a forest native plant, there are already several studies evaluating the small genome of Jatropha curcas L., which belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, and may be an excellent representative model for the other plants from the same family. Jatropha curcas L. plant has fast growth, precocity, and great adaptability, facilitating silvicultural studies, allowing important information to be obtained quickly, and reducing labor costs. This information justifies the use of the species as a model plant in studies involving the reproduction of native plants. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using Jatropha curcas L. as a model plant for studies involving native forest plants and establish possible recommendations for the vegetative propagation of the species using hardwood cuttings. The information collected can be helpful to other native forest plant species, similar to Jatropha curcas L. To this end, the effects of hardwood cutting length (10, 20, and 30 cm) and the part of the hardwood cuttings (basal, middle, and apex) were evaluated. Moreover, the influence of immersing the hardwood cuttings in solutions containing micronutrients (boron or zinc) or plant regulators (2,4-D, GA3) and a biostimulant composed of kinetin (0.09 g L(−1)), gibberellic acid (0.05 g L(−1)), and 4-indole-3-butyric acid (0.05 g L(−1)). The experiments were carried out in duplicates. In one duplicate, sand was used as the substrate, and rooting evaluations were made 77 days after planting. In another duplicate, a substrate composed of 50% soil, 40% poultry litter, and 10% sand was used, and the evaluations of the saplings were performed 120 days after planting. The GA3 solutions inhibited the roots’ and sprouts’ emissions, while immersion in 2,4-D solution increased the number of primary roots at 77 days after planting. The hardwood cuttings from the basal part of the branch had the best results for producing saplings