A Practical Exploration of the Holistic Module Learning Model

The holistic module learning model was initially developed by the Shandong 271 Education Group as part of their efforts to reform classroom instruction. With the progress of basic education reform in China, the model has evolved into a pedagogical approach that prioritizes student-centered learning and teacher-guided instruction, with the goal of nurturing students’ self-development and exploratory skills. Furthermore, the productivity of this approach has been demonstrated through experiments conducted by various schools across the nation. This study provided a concise overview of the historical development of the model and demonstrated its core elements and implementation strategies through its application in Chinese courses. The aim was to offer valuable insights into holistic module learning for the basic education community

Nutrition Diet of Grazing Sheep and Forage Supply on Natural Grassland

Forages are a major asset of any livestock operation and the foundation of most rations in a forage-based livestock system. The available nutrients in a forage influence individual animal production (e.g. gain per animal), while the amount of forage produced affects production per hectare. The relationship between voluntary food intake and animal productivity is well recognized. Many studies related to the regulation of food consumption by sheep and cattle have been reported (Provenza 1996). Willoughby (1958) dis-cussed a number of factors which might influence the herbage intake of grazing animals. By contrast, less attention has been given to the nutritional supply which influences the intake of herbage by grazing animals. It is necessary to know about animal daily nutrient requirements for production and forage supply in order to evaluate grazing capacity

PlantDet: A benchmark for Plant Detection in the Three-Rivers-Source Region

The Three-River-Source region is a highly significant natural reserve in China that harbors a plethora of untamed botanical resources. To meet the practical requirements of botanical research and intelligent plant management, we construct a large-scale dataset for Plant detection in the Three-River-Source region (PTRS). This dataset comprises 6965 high-resolution images of 2160*3840 pixels, captured by diverse sensors and platforms, and featuring objects of varying shapes and sizes. Subsequently, a team of botanical image interpretation experts annotated these images with 21 commonly occurring object categories. The fully annotated PTRS images contain 122, 300 instances of plant leaves, each labeled by a horizontal rectangle. The PTRS presents us with challenges such as dense occlusion, varying leaf resolutions, and high feature similarity among plants, prompting us to develop a novel object detection network named PlantDet. This network employs a window-based efficient self-attention module (ST block) to generate robust feature representation at multiple scales, improving the detection efficiency for small and densely-occluded objects. Our experimental results validate the efficacy of our proposed plant detection benchmark, with a precision of 88.1%, a mean average precision (mAP) of 77.6%, and a higher recall compared to the baseline. Additionally, our method effectively overcomes the issue of missing small objects. We intend to share our data and code with interested parties to advance further research in this field.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

What has affected the governance effect of the whole population coverage of medical insurance in China in the past decade? Lessons for other countries

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the current state of governance of full population coverage of health insurance in China and its influencing factors to provide empirical references for countries with similar social backgrounds as China.MethodsA cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted nationwide between 22 January 2020 and 26 January 2020, with descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and logistic regression models via SPSS 25.0 to analyze the effectiveness and influencing factors of the governance of full population coverage of health insurance in China.ResultsThe effectiveness of the governance relating to the total population coverage of health insurance was rated as good by 59% of the survey respondents. According to the statistical results, the governance of the public's ability to participate in insurance (OR = 1.516), the degree of information construction in the medical insurance sector (OR = 2.345), the government's governance capacity (OR = 4.284), and completeness of the government's governance tools (OR = 1.370) were all positively correlated (p < 0.05) on the governance effect of the whole population coverage of health insurance.ConclusionsThe governance of Chinese health insurance relating to the total population coverage is effective. To effectively improve the effectiveness of the governance relating to the total population coverage of health insurance, health insurance information construction, governance capacity, and governance tools should be the focus of governance to further improve the accurate expansion of and increase the coverage of health insurance

Secure Distributed Detection under Energy Constraint in IoT-Oriented Sensor Networks

We study the secure distributed detection problems under energy constraint for IoT-oriented sensor networks. The conventional channel-aware encryption (CAE) is an efficient physical-layer secure distributed detection scheme in light of its energy efficiency, good scalability and robustness over diverse eavesdropping scenarios. However, in the CAE scheme, it remains an open problem of how to optimize the key thresholds for the estimated channel gain, which are used to determine the sensor’s reporting action. Moreover, the CAE scheme does not jointly consider the accuracy of local detection results in determining whether to stay dormant for a sensor. To solve these problems, we first analyze the error probability and derive the optimal thresholds in the CAE scheme under a specified energy constraint. These results build a convenient mathematic framework for our further innovative design. Under this framework, we propose a hybrid secure distributed detection scheme. Our proposal can satisfy the energy constraint by keeping some sensors inactive according to the local detection confidence level, which is characterized by likelihood ratio. In the meanwhile, the security is guaranteed through randomly flipping the local decisions forwarded to the fusion center based on the channel amplitude. We further optimize the key parameters of our hybrid scheme, including two local decision thresholds and one channel comparison threshold. Performance evaluation results demonstrate that our hybrid scheme outperforms the CAE under stringent energy constraints, especially in the high signal-to-noise ratio scenario, while the security is still assured

Non-metallic gold nanoclusters for oxygen activation and aerobic oxidation

Display omitte

Non-metallic gold nanoclusters for oxygen activation and aerobic oxidation

Display omitte

Contribution to emission reduction of CO2 and SO2 by household biogas construction in rural China

Rural household biogas construction is a key program of renewable energy construction in China, which can partly help to reduce the problem of global warming. This article uses the international commonly used calculation of emission reduction to analyze the quantity of reduction in CO2 and SO2 emissions, which is resulting from the substitution of household biogas in place of traditional biomass energy and coal during the period from 1996 to 2003. The result shows that such substitution can reduce the discharge of CO2 by 397.6-4193.9 thousand tons and SO2 by 21.3-62.0 thousand tons annually. This article then predicts the amount of reduction in CO2 and SO2 emissions that would occur in 2010, 2020 and 2050 with the substitution of biogas energy instead of traditional energy sources in rural areas. All of these prove that rural biogas construction is an effective means of reducing the emission of greenhouse and other harmful gases into the atmosphere.Rural household biogas CO2 emission reduction SO2 emission reduction