"Echinospartum algibicum (Leguminosae)" regeneración de plantas mediante organogémesis adventicia

chinospartum algibicum (Leguminosae) regeneración de plantas mediante organogénesis adventicia. La germinación in vitro de semillas de E.algibicum, especie endémica de la Sierra de Grazalema, S de España, así como la inducción de yemas múltiples y el desarrollo posterior de brotes, se consiguió en el medio de cultivo de Murashige y Skoog a mitad de concentración, con 3% de sacarosa y citoquinina (BAP) a las concentraciones de 1 y 2 mg l -1 (ECH-1, ECH-2). La germinación de las semillas se incrementó significativamente de 38% a casi 100% tras la escarificación. El número medio de yemas formado después de 35-40 días fue de 8,6 y 6,9 en los medios ECH-1 y ECH-2 respectivamente. Los brotes fueron posteriormente enraizados en el mismo medio nutritivo pero sustituyendo la citoquinina por la auxina IBA (0.2 mg l -1 ). En este medio, se consiguió un porcentaje medio de enraizamiento de 35,49 después de 25-30 días, y en algunos casos la formación de masas de callo en las zonas de los brotes en contacto con el medio nutritivo. Finalmente, se ensayó la aclimatación de estas plantas a suelo mediante reducción progresiva de la humedad relativa y tras varios tratamientos que incluyeron el uso de CO 2 , la adición de inoculo de micorriza (Glomus deserticola) al substrato de cultivo, así como el uso de un medio de cultivo sin reguladores de crecimiento y mitad de sacarosa previo paso a suelo. Los porcentajes de supervivencia después de 60 días en suelo fueron mayores para la plantas sometidas a los tratamientos con CO 2 aunque los porcentajes medios fueron algo bajos

A Dynamic Analysis of Tuberculosis Dissemination to Improve Control and Surveillance

Background: Detailed analysis of the dynamic interactions among biological, environmental, social, and economic factors that favour the spread of certain diseases is extremely useful for designing effective control strategies. Diseases like tuberculosis that kills somebody every 15 seconds in the world, require methods that take into account the disease dynamics to design truly efficient control and surveillance strategies. The usual and well established statistical approaches provide insights into the cause-effect relationships that favour disease transmission but they only estimate risk areas, spatial or temporal trends. Here we introduce a novel approach that allows figuring out the dynamical behaviour of the disease spreading. This information can subsequently be used to validate mathematical models of the dissemination process from which the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for this spreading could be inferred. Methodology/Principal Findings: The method presented here is based on the analysis of the spread of tuberculosis in a Brazilian endemic city during five consecutive years. The detailed analysis of the spatio-temporal correlation of the yearly geo-referenced data, using different characteristic times of the disease evolution, allowed us to trace the temporal path of the aetiological agent, to locate the sources of infection, and to characterize the dynamics of disease spreading. Consequently, the method also allowed for the identification of socio-economic factors that influence the process. Conclusions/Significance: The information obtained can contribute to more effective budget allocation, drug distribution and recruitment of human skilled resources, as well as guiding the design of vaccination programs. We propose that this novel strategy can also be applied to the evaluation of other diseases as well as other social processes.Instituto do Milenio REDE-TBConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE)[0012-05.03/04]Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE)[0203-1.05/08

Guía Mexicana de Práctica Clínica de Inmunoterapia 2011

Existen varias guías internacionales para la práctica clínica de in- munoterapia, que aplican solo parcialmente en México. La primera guía mexicana de inmunoterapia data de 1998

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio