ESTIMATION OF A DIRECT UTILITY FUNCTION FOR FOOD EXPENDITURES

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Using Mhealth Data To Improve The Management Of Chronic Pain

Chronic pain is widespread and mHealth provides a novel solution to the management of pain through the use of smartphone technology. The purpose of this research is to determine whether mobile health data is useful for clinicians who are frequently involved in the management of chronic pain, and to assess their data needs. We selected orthopedic surgeons and physical therapists as a population likely to be interested in the management of chronic pain. We conducted semi-structured interviews with physical therapists and orthopedic surgeons to better understand the gaps in needs and knowledge. Qualitative thematic analysis was performed using the interview transcripts to inductively determine themes in the data. Thematic analysis of the data revealed significantly different data needs between physical therapists and orthopedic surgeons, increasing focus on functionality and outcomes, and the importance of compliance and efficiency. Overall, physical therapists responded enthusiastically to the use of smartphone interventions in their practice. The promise of mHealth presents a great opportunity for patient management when patients are in their everyday contexts, rather than solely in the clinic

Copycats, ja dom shouf: Using hip hop to compare lexical replications in Danish and Swedish multiethnolects

In the contact scenarios of late-modern urban Europe, a complex interplay of predictors determine each output in the variety. They include substrate inputs, superstrate structure, social conditions, diachrony, and more; they are elusive and hard to isolate. However, if one was to attempt to isolate them, the Nordic multiethnolects would be a befitting start point because their languages, social structures, and origins of their migrants are similar. Diachrony is where they differ most: Swedish represents a later-stage muliethnolect; Danish, earlier. In this study, I compare lexical replications in Danish and Swedish hip hop because it features multiethnolect in its most flamboyant style. Hip hop is a de facto empirical isolation of the upper limits of community-accepted replication. I analyzed a corpus of 22 Danish (13,086 words) and 34 (15,668) Swedish \u27hit\u27 rap songs and found that the Swedish artists use nearly double the number of foreign lexical replications than the Danish artists. Furthermore, a higher number of Swedish replications (32) were used by \u3e10% of the artists than Danish replications (14). High-use Danish replications were solely nouns and exclamations/tags. High-use Swedish replications included nouns, exclamations/tags, adjectives, verbs, and the first-person pronoun \u27benim.\u27 After closer analysis, I define \u27benim\u27 as a first-person \u27egohonorific\u27 pronoun and offer an explanation on its origin and social-indexical function. I argue that Swedish multiethnolect is \u27richer\u27 than Danish multiethnolect both in terms of level of replication as well as types of replications. The study provides fresh insight on two neighboring multiethnolects that have formed under similar conditions save for diachrony

Reflexive Analysis of Diversity, Effective Instruction, and Experiential Learning

This action research project was completed as an action research project as part of Western Oregon University’s Master of Arts in Teaching program to complete initial licensure requirements alongside a period of student teaching in a middle school social studies classroom. This action research project focused on the following three research questions: 1) how has my understanding of lesson planning for teaching diversity through comparative cultures changed over the course of this action research project, 2) how has my approach to lesson planning with regards to effective instruction changed over the course of this action research project, and 3) how have my own attitudes toward teaching experiential learning through historical simulations changed over the course of this action research project? By practicing reflective analysis through examination of lesson plans, lesson materials, formal observation feedback, and research journal entries, this action research project focuses on changes in understanding, attitudes, and approach. This research further examines subthemes of diverse perspectives, culturally appropriate terminology, lesson planning, and student engagement

Hearing Loss from Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury to the parts of the brain responsible for processing auditory information can result in hearing loss that is difficult to assess and treat. Symptoms can include difficulty in filtering background noises or filtering out specific sounds, confusion, and disorientation or nausea. Treatment of this type of hearing loss varies, but primarily consists of psychological treatment focused around rehabilitation and coping

Comparison of Modelling Approaches for Development of Discharge Rating Curves for Spillway/Bridge Combinations

When estimating spillway discharge rating curves, engineers can use a variety of methods such as empirical equations, one- (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) hydraulic computer models, or a combination thereof; however, conservative assumptions are often applied to such methods. The use of three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models is an alternative modelling approach that can often better estimate spillway discharge rating curves, especially for complex flow situations. In this study, the results of 3D CFD models are compared to estimates of spillway discharge rating curves developed with a combination of empirical equations and other hydraulic computer models for spillway/bridge combinations. It is shown that results typically agree for lower order methods that share approximations whereas higher order models can produce significantly different results. It is recommended that careful consideration be given to governing equations and effectiveness of representing site geometries when selecting which method(s) to use to develop a discharge rating curve, especially when complex site conditions may be better captured with a higher order model

Size-Scale Effects of Nonlinear Weir Hydraulics

Experimental physical model studies of hydraulic structures are often conducted to replicate flow behavior that may occur at the prototype scale. Geometric similitude is most often maintained between the prototype and model when studying reservoir and open channel hydraulic structures to account for the dominant gravity and inertia forces while other fluid forces (e.g., viscosity,surface tension) are assumed negligible. However, as model size and/or upstream head decreases, other fluid forces can exceed the negligible level and influence model flow behavior. This phenomenon is referred to as size-scale effects and is one potential origin of error in predicting the prototype behavior through testing geometrically similar models. To extend the existing research of size-scale effects on nonlinear weirs half-and quarter-round trapezoidal labyrinth weirs and piano key weirs were fabricated at length ratios of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12. The largest weir model for each weir type (i.e., a weir height of 36 in for labyrinth weir models and a weir height of 33 in for piano key weir models) served as the corresponding prototype.Weir models were hydraulically tested to assess differences among head-discharge relationships and flow behavior. Limiting criteria were recommended to avoid size-scale effects depending on the weir type and model size. The results of this study will help hydraulic modelers determine what limiting criteria should be met to avoid size-scale effects