Can cash hold its own? International comparisons: Theory and evidence

A number of papers predict the imminent demise of currency use in transactions while some make a case for its continued use due to its distinctive feature of anonymity. Notwithstanding the latter, this paper shows on both theoretical and empirical grounds, that cash use is sustainable for the foreseeable future because of the cost competitiveness of ATM networked cash to the consumer relative to electronic POS card substitutes. Indeed, since the mid-1990s, Finland, Canada and France which are countries in the vanguard of EFTPOS development, have experienced a resurgence of ATM cash use as measured by its expenditure share.

Inconsistency of fairness evaluation in simulated labot market.

Reciprocal behavior was often explained by perception of fairness derived from either agents’ intention or distributional outcome. In this paper, we demonstrated that fairness perception depended on the evaluability of the partner’s type. We conducted experiments to investigate how workers formed fairness perception on the employers. We found inconsistency in fairness evaluation in the two simulated worker-employer relations; workers derived fairness by comparing own wage with market wage in a one shot interaction, but workers derived fairness based on current and previous wage when interacting with same employer. The reversal of fairness perception suggested the role of evaluability of partners’ attribute in effort decision among workers.Preference reversal; reciprocity; gift exchange; evaluability hypothesis;experiment.

Can cash hold its own? International comparisons: Theory and evidence

A number of papers predict the imminent demise of currency use in transactions while some make a case for its continued use due to its distinctive feature of anonymity. Notwithstanding the latter, this paper shows on both theoretical and empirical grounds, that cash use is sustainable for the foreseeable future because of the cost competitiveness of ATM networked cash to the consumer relative to electronic POS card substitutes. Indeed, since the mid-1990s, Finland, Canada and France which are countries in the vanguard of EFTPOS development, have experienced a resurgence of ATM cash use as measured by its expenditure share

Ownership Of Computer And Its Usage At Home: A Case In Malaysia.

The multi-functionality of computer and the increased accessibility of Internet have created a demand for computers at home which previously was concentrated in offices. Using the Heckman two-step model and by combining socio-economic factors and insights from Becker's (1965) theory on allocation of time in the household with information system theories, it is found that i) the household allocation of resources, ii) age and gender and iii)household social environment are significant in determining computer purchase decision and its extent of usage in households. Responses collected from 500 computer users are used in the study

Credit Cardhotders: Distinguishing The Good Apples From The Bad Apples.

Credit card is a double-edged sword. While the credit facilities offered by credit card provide liquidity for unforeseen circumstances, it also tempts one to overspend

The Impact of Financial Access on Female Labour Force Participation: Evidence from Panel Estimation

This paper examines the relationship between financial access and economic empowerment among females, i.e., female labour force participation by testing a panel data of 51 countries ranging from 2004 to 2016. The number of bank branches and automated teller machines, both in thousand square feet and a hundred thousand adults, are applied as financial access indicators. The estimation method employed is the dynamic panel system generalized method of moment estimators. The control variables in the equation are the life expectancy, gross domestic product per capita, and female education enrolment. The results showed that bank branches have more noticeable impacts than automated teller machines in affecting the female labour force participation rate, implying that bank branches' services have a more substantial influence on women empowerment than automated teller machines. Furthermore, financial access indicators show a negative association with female labour force participation, probably due to female discrimination in financial access or the income effect caused by better financial access. Another possible reason is that the development policies could have bypassed women, as indicated by previous studies. To overcome this situation, governments could improve their financial service to ensure that financial access benefits women empowerment, including exploring the microfinance and special loans for female borrowers

Inconsistency of fairness evaluation in simulated labot market.

Reciprocal behavior was often explained by perception of fairness derived from either agents’ intention or distributional outcome. In this paper, we demonstrated that fairness perception depended on the evaluability of the partner’s type. We conducted experiments to investigate how workers formed fairness perception on the employers. We found inconsistency in fairness evaluation in the two simulated worker-employer relations; workers derived fairness by comparing own wage with market wage in a one shot interaction, but workers derived fairness based on current and previous wage when interacting with same employer. The reversal of fairness perception suggested the role of evaluability of partners’ attribute in effort decision among workers

Determinants of Merchant Participation in Credit Card Payment Schemes

This paper aims to empirically establish the determinants of merchant participation in credit card payment schemes. It is found that a merchant's personal background, type of business and total value of sales are significant in determining a merchant's acceptance of cards in payment transactions. Further, it is found that customers' usage of credit cards and other merchants acceptance of credit cards in payments have a significant influence on a merchant's decision. Findings also indicate that non-pecuniary strategic factors are stronger drivers and barriers to a merchant's participation in credit cards payments services compared to monetary related factors.

What determines the value and volume of noncash transactions? Evidence from a panel of European and North American countries

Using data from a panel of 15 countries over the period 1990-1998, the determinants of the use of non cash payment instruments are analysed. The estimation results highlight the importance of distinguishing between the determinants of the value and volume of noncash transactions. It is found in fact that the volume of these transactions is generally affected by changes in the determinants more strongly than their value, and that variables such as the interest rate have a different impact on the volume and the value of the transactions. The findings also suggest that past habits play a dominant role in the intensity of use of noncash payment instruments.