240 research outputs found
Modelling the Mechanics and Hydrodynamics of Swimming E. coli
The swimming properties of an E. coli-type model bacterium are investigated
by mesoscale hy- drodynamic simulations, combining molecular dynamics
simulations of the bacterium with the multiparticle particle collision dynamics
method for the embedding fluid. The bacterium is com- posed of a
spherocylindrical body with attached helical flagella, built up from discrete
particles for an efficient coupling with the fluid. We measure the hydrodynamic
friction coefficients of the bacterium and find quantitative agreement with
experimental results of swimming E. coli. The flow field of the bacterium shows
a force-dipole-like pattern in the swimming plane and two vor- tices
perpendicular to its swimming direction arising from counterrotation of the
cell body and the flagella. By comparison with the flow field of a force dipole
and rotlet dipole, we extract the force- dipole and rotlet-dipole strengths for
the bacterium and find that counterrotation of the cell body and the flagella
is essential for describing the near-field hydrodynamics of the bacterium
Improving the JADE algorithm by clustering successful parameters
Differential evolution (DE) is one of the most powerful and popular evolutionary algorithms for real parameter global optimisation problems. However, the performance of DE greatly depends on the selection of control parameters, e.g., the population size, scaling factor and crossover rate. How to set these parameters is a challenging task because they are problem dependent. In order to tackle this problem, a JADE variant, denoted CJADE, is proposed in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, the successful parameters are clustered with the k-means clustering algorithm to reduce the impact of poor parameters. Simulation results show that CJADE is better than, or at least comparable with, several state-of-the-art DE algorithms
Accelerating differential evolution based on a subset-to-subset survivor selection operator
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.Differential evolution (DE) is one of the most powerful and effective evolutionary algorithms for solving global optimization problems. However, just like all other metaheuristics, DE also has some drawbacks, such as slow and/or premature convergence. This paper proposes a new subset-to-subset selection operator to improve the convergence performance of DE by randomly dividing target and trial populations into several subsets and employing the ranking-based selection operator among corresponding subsets. The proposed framework gives more survival opportunities to trial vectors with better objective function values. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of the original DE algorithm and several state-of-the-art DE variants on a series of benchmark functions
An improved multiobjective optimization evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with hybrid penalty scheme
The multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) decomposes a multiobjective optimization problem(MOP) into a number of single-objective subproblems. Penalty boundary intersection (PBI) in MOEA/D is one of the most popular decomposition approaches and has attracted significant attention. In this paper, we investigate two recent improvements on PBI, i.e. adaptive penalty scheme (APS) and subproblem-based penalty scheme (SPS), and demonstrate their strengths and weaknesses. Based on the observations, we further propose a hybrid penalty scheme (HPS), which adjusts the PBI penalty factor for each subproblem in two phases, to ensure the diversity of boundary solutions and good distribution of intermediate solutions. HPS specifies a distinct penalty value for each subproblem according to its weight vector. All the penalty values of subproblems increase with the same gradient during the first phase, and they are kept unchanged during the second phase
SpacePulse: Combining Parameterized Pulses and Contextual Subspace for More Practical VQE
In this paper, we explore the integration of parameterized quantum pulses
with the contextual subspace method. The advent of parameterized quantum pulses
marks a transition from traditional quantum gates to a more flexible and
efficient approach to quantum computing. Working with pulses allows us to
potentially access areas of the Hilbert space that are inaccessible with a
CNOT-based circuit decomposition. Compared to solving the complete Hamiltonian
via the traditional Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), the computation of
the contextual correction generally requires fewer qubits and measurements,
thus improving computational efficiency. Plus a Pauli grouping strategy, our
framework, SpacePulse, can minimize the quantum resource cost for the VQE and
enhance the potential for processing larger molecular structures
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Graphene Modified Epoxy Composites
The effects of graphene content on the mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy composites were systematically investigated. The stiffness, hardness and elastic modulus of the composites increased with increased graphene content due to the higher hardness and elastic modulus of graphene sheets than those of epoxy matrix. The friction and wear of the composites measured using steel ball-on-disc microtribological test decreased with increased graphene content due to the solid lubricating effect of graphene sheets. It could be concluded that the mechanical and tribological properties of the epoxy composites could be significantly influenced by the incorporation of graphene sheets
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