Antifungal compound honokiol triggers oxidative stress responsive signalling pathway and modulates central carbon metabolism

<p>The fast growing evidences have shown that the plant-derived compound honokiol is a promising candidate for treating multiple human diseases, such as inflammation and cancer. However, the mode-of-action (MoA) of honokiol remains largely unclear. Here, we studied the antifungal activity of honokiol in fission yeast model, with the goal of understanding the honokiol’s mechanism of action from the molecular level. We found that honokiol can inhibit the yeast growth at a dose-dependent way. Microarray analysis showed that honokiol has wide impacts on the fission yeast transcription levels (in total, 512 genes are up-regulated, and 42 genes are down-regulated). Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that over 45% up-regulated genes belong to the core environmental stress responses category. Moreover, network analysis suggested that there are extensive gene–gene interactions amongst the co-expression gene lists, which can assemble several biofunctionally important modules. It is noteworthy that several key components of central carbon metabolism, such as glucose transporters and metabolic enzymes of glycolysis, are involved in honokiol’s MoA. The complexity of the honokiol’s MoA displayed in previous studies and this work demonstrates that multiple omics approaches and bioinformatics tools should be applied together to achieve the complete scenario of honokiol’s antifungal function.</p

Forest plot for meta-analysis of primary outcomes related to anxiety.

Mean difference (95% CI) of the effect of VR-based rehabilitation (experimental group) compared with conventional treatment (control group) on a STAI, b HANDS, and c NRS. CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation.</p

Forest plot for meta-analysis of primary outcomes related to SBP.

Mean difference (95% CI) of the effect of VR-based rehabilitation (experimental group) compared with conventional treatment (control group). CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation.</p

Forest plot for meta-analysis of primary outcomes related to HR.

Mean difference (95% CI) of the effect of VR-based rehabilitation (experimental group) compared with conventional treatment (control group). CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation.</p

Forest plot for meta-analysis of primary outcomes related to SpO2.

Mean difference (95% CI) of the effect of VR-based rehabilitation (experimental group) compared with conventional treatment (control group). CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation.</p

Forest plot for meta-analysis of primary outcomes related to depression.

Mean difference (95% CI) of the effect of VR-based rehabilitation (experimental group) compared with conventional treatment (control group) on HANDS. CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation.</p

Risk of bias graph: authors’ judgments about each item of the risk of bias assessment presented as percentages among all included studies.

Risk of bias graph: authors’ judgments about each item of the risk of bias assessment presented as percentages among all included studies.</p

Extended PICO for this review.

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of therapeutic landscapes. For hospitalized patients or individuals with limited mobility, VR provides highly personalized therapy by simulating authentic natural environments within a safe, convenient, and engaging setting. This study investigated the effectiveness of immersing patients in virtual natural environments for health recovery and compared the varying impacts of different types of landscapes on patients’ recovery levels. The aim was to complement traditional medical approaches and enhance environmental design in the field of public health. Researchers systematically reviewed databases (January 2018 to August 2, 2023) to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of virtual nature immersion with other treatments. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were established based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, study design, and other aspects (expanded PICO) framework. The Cochrane tool was employed to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the mean differences with a 95% confidence interval. Among 30 trials, a total of 2123 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 15 studies included in the meta-analysis. 30 trials met the criteria. Results show significant improvements in pain, anxiety, fear, and some physiological indicators with virtual nature-based treatments. On the other hand, natural scenes incorporating blue and green elements have been applied more extensively and have shown more significant effects. In comparison to conventional methods, this study strongly advocates that virtual reality environments are a crucial tool in bridging the gap between patients and nature, demonstrating their potential to reshape medical interventions and improve environmental design in the field of public health.</div

Risk of bias summary: authors’ judgments about each item of the risk of bias assessment for every included study.

“+” indicates low risk of bias; “-” indicates high risk of bias; “?” indicates unclear or unknown risk of bias.</p

PRISMA 2020 checklist.

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of therapeutic landscapes. For hospitalized patients or individuals with limited mobility, VR provides highly personalized therapy by simulating authentic natural environments within a safe, convenient, and engaging setting. This study investigated the effectiveness of immersing patients in virtual natural environments for health recovery and compared the varying impacts of different types of landscapes on patients’ recovery levels. The aim was to complement traditional medical approaches and enhance environmental design in the field of public health. Researchers systematically reviewed databases (January 2018 to August 2, 2023) to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of virtual nature immersion with other treatments. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were established based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, study design, and other aspects (expanded PICO) framework. The Cochrane tool was employed to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the mean differences with a 95% confidence interval. Among 30 trials, a total of 2123 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 15 studies included in the meta-analysis. 30 trials met the criteria. Results show significant improvements in pain, anxiety, fear, and some physiological indicators with virtual nature-based treatments. On the other hand, natural scenes incorporating blue and green elements have been applied more extensively and have shown more significant effects. In comparison to conventional methods, this study strongly advocates that virtual reality environments are a crucial tool in bridging the gap between patients and nature, demonstrating their potential to reshape medical interventions and improve environmental design in the field of public health.</div