Results of surgical treatment of glial tumors of functionally important areas with intraoperative mapping of the pyramidal tract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the surgical treatment of patients with a glial tumor of functionally important areas of the brain operated on in the SOOD from 2007 to 2020 using the intraoperative mapping technique.Статья посвящена анализу хирургического лечения пациентов с глиальной опухолью функционально важных зон головного мозга, прооперированных в ГБУЗ СООД с 2007 по 2020 год, с использованием методики интраоперационного картирования

Nonspecific inflammatory processes of the spine in pediatric practice

The frequency of occurrence of non-specific spondylodiscites in children varies from 2% to 4 % of all infectious diseases of the skeleton with a predominant hematogenic pathway of their spread. The clinical picture of dyscitis and spondylitis in children may be non-specific and requires increased alertness of the doctor, especially in the combination of back pain and changes in blood parameters. The aim of the study was to improve the diagnosis and treatment of spondylitis and discitis in children, by verifying the main clinical and diagnostic criteria, and presenting illustrative clinical cases. Three children aged 12 to 15 years with nonspecific inflammatory processes in the spine were treated. Among the neuroimaging diagnostic methods, magnetic resonance imaging was preferred. The treatment was followed by antibacterial therapy, external fixation with a corset. In all cases, good immediate and long-term results of treatment were observed. Early detection of pathology and timely treatment allows you to avoid unsatisfactory treatment outcomes.Частота встречаемости неспецифических спондилодисцитов у детей варьирует от 2% до 4 % от всех инфекционных заболеваний скелета с преимущественным гематогенным путем их распространения. Клиническая картина дисцита и спондилита у детей может быть неспецифической и требует повышенной настороженности врача, особенно в сочетании боли в спине и изменения в показателях крови. Целью исследования было улучшение диагностики и лечения спондилитов и дисцитов у детей, путем верификации основных клинико-диагностических критериев, и приведение наглядных клинических случаев. На лечении находились трое детей в возрасте от 12 до 15 лет с неспецифическими воспалительными процессами в позвоночнике. Среди нейровизуляционных методов диагностики предпочтение отдавали магнитно-резонансной томографии. В лечение применили антибактериальную терапию, наружную фиксацию корсетом. Во всех случаях наблюдали хорошие ближайшие и отдаленные результаты лечения. Ранняя выявляемость патологии и своевременное лечение позволяет избежать неудовлетворительных исходов лечения

NITRIC OXIDE – BIOCHEMICAL MARKER OF TUBERCULOSIS PATHOGENESIS

Role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis has been studied in 77 patients with new infiltrate pulmonary tuberculosis and 34 patients with fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. The level of cumulative and endogenous nitrite depended on the clinical form of tuberculosis: in infiltrate pulmonary tuberculosis patients it was within the limits of reference ranges, and in fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis patients it was significantly lower. Results of statistical analysis point out at the significant homogeneity (monofunctionality) of the set of rates, defining the level of NO metabolites in blood serum in infiltrate pulmonary tuberculosis, namely: impact of adenosine deaminase, levels of α1-protease inhibitor, ceruleoplasmin and age. On the contrary in case of fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis the diverse (multi-functional) complexes were detected including clinical blood rates providing influence on the reduction of NO level in blood. Nitric oxide in the patients with both clinical forms of tuberculosis correlated with classical markers of system inflammatory response, thus nitric oxide can be regarded as an integral component of inflammatory response with potential evaluation of prognosis of specific lesions during follow-up of changes

Adenosine-regulated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ventilation disorders in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Uncovering involvement of the purinergic system in the pathogenesis of ventilation disorders (VD) may provide additional information about the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the development of VD in pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). The aim was to identify a relationship between the parameters of adenosine metabolism, inflammatory response and altered ventilation metabolism in PT patients. Materials and methods. Obstructive and mixed PT patients were assigned to subgroups with/without VD for assessing adenosine deaminase activity (ADA-1, 2) in serum, mononuclear cells, neutrophils; ecto-5’-nucleotidase (ecto-5’-NT); CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4, DPP-4), phagocyte oxidative burst measured by NO generation. Results. PT patients showed decreased ADA-1 and CD26 (DPP-4), but increased ADA-2. Elevated intracellular adenosine concentration was found in mononuclear cells in patients lacking VD, whereas patients with mixed and obstructive VD — had it in neutrophils. Mononuclear cells of patients with PT lacking VD as well as with obstructive VD type had decreased NO3– concentration. Neutrophil hyperactivity was recorded in all groups of PT patients. Patients with PT lacking VD as well as with mixed VD type showed that the parameters of external respiration were associated with activity of extra-/intracellular ADA, whereas obstructive VD was caused by excessive formation of serum adenosine. Changes in respiratory function in PT were associated with decreased level of serum NO radicals, impaired nitrogen-dependent bactericidal phagocyte activity, and overproduced neutrophil oxygen radicals. Conclusion. Purinergic regulation is involved in regulating inflammatory and compensatory processes in PT patients as well as impaired ventilation efficiency. The most severe respiratory disorders observed in PT patients with mixed VD type are associated with the most prominent changes in nucleotidase activity, particularly ecto-ADA-2 and DPP-4/CD26

Upconversion Luminescence of Er3+ Ions from Barium Titanate Xerogel Powder and Target Fabricated by Explosive Compaction Method

Photo- and cathodoluminescence in the visible range from erbium-doped barium titanate xerogels obtained in the form of a powder and a target pressed from it by explosive compaction are investigated. The powder and target exhibit upconversion luminescence of erbium ions excited at wavelengths in the regions 950–1000 and 1450–1550 nm that is characterized by strong bands at 650 and 520–560 nm and a weak band at ~820 nm that correspond to the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2, 2H11/2 → 4I15/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2, and 4I9/2 → 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+. The target also demonstrates cathodoluminescence at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature with the strongest bands at 650, 520, and 538 nm

Optical Properties and Upconversion Luminescence of BaTiO3 Xerogel Structures Doped with Erbium and Ytterbium

Erbium upconversion (UC) photoluminescence (PL) from sol-gel derived barium titanate (BaTiO3:Er) xerogel structures fabricated on silicon, glass or fused silica substrates has been studied. The fabricated structures under continuous-wave excitation at 980 nm and nanosecond laser excitation at 980 and 1540 nm demonstrate room temperature PL with the bands at 410, 523, 546, 658, 800 and 830 nm, which correspond to the 2H9/2 → 4I15/2, 2H11/2 → 4I15/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2, 4F9/2→ 4I15/2 and 4I9/2→ 4I15/2 transitions in Er3+ ions. The intensity of erbium UС PL increases when an additional macroporous layer of strontium titanate is used beneath the BaTiO3 xerogel layer. It is enhanced for BaTiO3 xerogel films codoped with erbium and ytterbium (BaTiO3:Er,Yb). The redistribution of the intensity of the PL bands is observed for the latter and it depends on the excitation conditions. Finally, a Bragg reflector and a microcavity structure comprising of alternating (BaTiO3:Er,Yb) and SiO2 xerogel layers were fabricated with the cavity mode near the red PL band of Er3+ ions. Enhancement of UC PL from the microcavity was observed for the sample annealed from 450°C to 600°C. The fabricated cavity structures annealed at 450°C allow us to tune the cavity mode with 10 nm shift within the temperature range from +20°C to +130°C. Photonic application of BaTiO3 xerogel structures doped with lanthanides is discussed

Взаимосвязь функциональных нарушений респираторной системы со структурными изменениями в легких по данным компьютерной томографии у больных туберкулезом легких в сочетании с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких

The aim of the study was to evaluate structural changes in the lung tissue in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and coexisting obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using highresolution computed tomography (HRCT) and to analyze an influence of CT lesions on the lung function.Materials and methods. One hundred and sixteen TB patients were involved. HRCT with Nodule Analysis and Lung Volume Analysis additional soft ware, spirometry, body plethysmography and measurement of diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide were performed in all patients. We used descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation analysis.Results. Patients with TB + COPD (n = 23) had extensive (> 3 lung segments) specific changes in the lungs more likely than patients without COPD (n = 93): 83% and 44%, respectively; p < 0.05. Patients with TB + COPD also had higher total volume of TB lesions (p < 0.05) and emphysema (61 and 30%, respectively; p < 0.05) on CT scans. Patients with TB + COPD had panlobular emphysema (17%) more often than other variants of emphysema. Patients without COPD had predominantly centrilobular emphysema (13%); panlobular emphysema was seen in a few cases (2%). Ventilation and gas exchange parameters were related to the volume of TB lesions on CT scans. An increase in emphysema volume on CT scans negatively affected the airflow limitation in all patients and deteriorated lung hyperinflation and lung diffusing capacity in patients with TB + COPD.Conclusions. TBspecific pulmonary lesions were significantly more prominent inpatients with TB + COPD. TBspecific pulmonary lesions could worsen ventilation and gas exchange. More extended emphysema on CT scans could worsen bronchial obstruction in all patients, deteriorate lung hyperinflation and diffusing capacity in patients with TB + COPD.Заболеваемость хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) неуклонно растет, а т. к. курят или курили большинство пациентов с туберкулезом легких (ТЛ), специфический процесс все чаще развивается на фоне ХОБЛ. Хотя компьютерная томография (КТ) является ведущим методом визуализации ТЛ, структурные изменения легких, вызванные сопутствующей ХОБЛ, недооцениваются.Целью явилось выявление особенностей специфических и эмфизематозных изменений легких у больных ТЛ в сочетании с ХОБЛ по данным КТ и их влияния на функциональные возможности системы дыхания.Материалы и методы. В исследование включены пациенты с ТЛ (n = 116), которым было выполнено функциональное исследование внешнего дыхания (спирометрия, бодиплетизмография, исследование диффузионной способности легких) и КТ грудной клетки с дополнительным анализом изменений легких с помощью программ Nodule Analysis и Lung Volume Analysis. Использовались описательная статистика и корреляционный анализ Спирмена.Результаты. У пациентов с ТЛ и ХОБЛ (n = 23) чаще встречались распространенные специфические изменения (> 3 сегментов), чем у пациентов без ХОБЛ (n = 93) (83 и 44 %; p < 0,05), больше суммарные объемы фокусов и распада (p < 0,05), чаще выявлялись эмфизематозные изменения (61 и 30 %; p < 0,05). У пациентов с ТЛ и ХОБЛ преобладал смешанный (26 %) и наиболее тяжелый панлобулярный (17 %) тип эмфиземы. У пациентов без ХОБЛ чаще встречался центрилобулярный вариант (13 %), панлобулярный визуализирован в единичных случаях (2 %). Выявлена зависимость параметров вентиляции и легочного газообмена от объемных характеристик специфических из менений. Увеличение объема эмфизематозных изменений оказывало негативное влияние на проходимость дыхательных путей у всех групп пациентов, а у больных с ХОБЛ вызывало увеличение гиперинфляции легких и ухудшение легочного газообмена.Заключение. При сочетании ТЛ с ХОБЛ встречается достоверно больший объем специфического поражения и деструкции. Специфические изменения у больных ТЛ и ХОБЛ ухудшают состояние легочного газообмена. Увеличение объема эмфизематозных изменений приводит к ухудшению проходимости дыхательных путей как у пациентов с ТЛ в сочетании с ХОБЛ, так и без, а также к увеличению гиперинфляции легких и ухудшению легочного газообмена у больных с ТЛ и ХОБЛ

Легочный эндометриоз как одна из форм эндометриоидной болезни

The aim of this study was to analyze our own experience of diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary endometriosis. Methods. Females with endometriosis (n = 11) has been described in the article. The patients’ age ranged from 16 to 61 year, the mean age was 37.7 ± 2.7 years. Results. Serious difficulties were encountered in all cases in differential diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. Clinical, laboratory and radiological findings were not sufficient for diagnosis. Diagnostic surgical interventions were required in all cases. Pulmonary endometriosis was diagnosed using histological and immunohistochemical examination of lung biopsy specimens. Diagnostic workup has been illustrated by two case reports of pulmonary endometriosis in patients of 52 and 19 years of age. Conclusion. The management of patients with extragenital endometriosis depends on pathological and immunohistochemical findings, location and extend of injury. Such patients should be managed together by a gynecologist and a thoracic surgeon.Материалы и методы. Представлен опыт диагностики и лечения женщин (n = 11) в возрасте от 16 до 61 года (средний возраст – 37,7 ± 2,7 года), больных эндометриозом легких. При дифференциальной диагностике имеющихся изменений в легких во всех случаях возникли серьезные трудности – по результатам клинических, лабораторных и рентгенологических данных диагноз не установлен, возникла необходимость в лечебно-диагностических оперативных вмешательствах. Результаты. Верифицировать диагноз – эндометриоз легких – удалось только после гистологических и иммуногистохимических (ИГХ) исследований операционного материала. Трудности диагностики этой редкой патологии проиллюстрированы в 2 наблюдениях эндометриоза легких у больных 52 и 19 лет. Заключение. Результаты морфологических и ИГХ-исследований, наряду с локализацией и распространенностью экстрагенитального эндометриоза имеют важнейшее значение для определения оптимальной тактики ведения больных, которая разрабатывается совместно гинекологами и торакальные хирургами